Cancer is surging among people under 50, a new global study reveals. Over the past 30 years, new cases have increased 79% worldwide in that age bracket, according to a report published Sept. 5 in BMJ Oncology. The fastest rising cancers are in the windpipe and prostate, and most deaths have been from breast, windpipe, lung, bowel and stomach cancer, the researchers found. Cancer tends to be more common in older people, but cases in those under 50 have been rising in many parts of the world since the 1990s, the researchers noted. They drew on the Global Burden of Disease database, which includes data for 29 cancers in 204 countries and regions. A team led by Xue Li, a research associate at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland, conducted the study. Worldwide, the number of new early-onset cancer cases is projected to rise by 31% and deaths by 21% by 2030. Those in their 40s are at the greatest risk, Li’s group noted in a journal news release. Why the steep rise? Although genetics has a role in the increasing cancer rate, other factors could also play a part. The researchers cited diets high in red meat and salt, and low in fruit and milk; alcohol consumption; and tobacco use as the main risk factors for cancers among those under 50, with physical inactivity,…  read on >  read on >

Smoking may not only harm the smoker and those who breathe in the secondhand fumes, but also their future children. New research suggests that boys who smoke in their early teens risk passing on harmful genetic traits to future children. The study probed the genetic profiles of 875 people between 7 and 50 years of age and their father’s smoking behavior. People whose dads were early-teen smokers had gene markers associated with asthma, obesity and low lung function. Biomarkers associated with this were different from those associated with maternal or personal smoking, the researchers found. This is the first human study to reveal the biological mechanism behind the impact of fathers’ early smoking on their children, according to researchers from the University of Southampton in the United Kingdom and the University of Bergen in Norway. “Changes in epigenetic markers were much more pronounced in children whose fathers started smoking during puberty than those whose fathers had started smoking at any time before conception,” said study co-author Negusse Kitaba, a research fellow at the University of Southampton. “Early puberty may represent a critical window of physiological changes in boys. This is when the stem cells are being established which will make sperm for the rest of their lives,” Kitaba explained in a university news release. The researchers found epigenetic changes at 19 sites mapped to 14…  read on >  read on >

It’s important for men to be familiar with the warning signs of prostate cancer and get screened because it’s the second-leading cause of cancer death in men, an expert says. While there will be more than 288,000 diagnoses and nearly 35,000 deaths this year, there are also 3.5 million American men who have the disease and are still alive. Black men have the highest death rate for prostate cancer of any racial or ethnic group. They are twice as likely to die from it as white men are, according to the American Cancer Society (ACS). “Despite the alarming statistics concerning the disease, there are opportunities for prevention, early detection and treatment to improve survival and survivorship, and to reduce the burden this cancer has across the U.S. and the globe,” said prostate cancer researcher Dr. Lorelei Mucci. She’s director of strategic research partnerships at the ACS. Warning signs of prostate cancer can include urinary problems, such as difficulty starting urination or urinating frequently. It can also include pain during ejaculation. The prostate is close to both the bladder and the urethra. These symptoms aren’t exclusive to prostate cancer, so it’s important to see a doctor to narrow down the cause. Cancer that has grown beyond the prostate may cause hip or back pain. “For most people, however, there are no signs or symptoms indicating prostate…  read on >  read on >

Phthalates are commonly used in plastics, and researchers have now tied them to developmental issues in toddler boys who were exposed to the chemical in the womb. The new study links the chemicals to emotional and behavioral development issues in 2-year-old boys who were exposed during the first trimester of pregnancy. “Our findings … underscore the potential impact of maternal exposure to phthalates on children’s emotional and behavioral development, particularly among boys,” said lead author Liron Cohen-Eliraz, who conducted the research as part of her doctoral dissertation at Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Israel. “Our study adds to the growing body of evidence highlighting the need for greater environmental awareness, and action to minimize exposure to harmful chemicals during pregnancy,” she said in a university news release. These “everywhere plastic” chemicals are used in vinyl flooring, lubricating oils, soap, shampoo and so much more. The United States has largely banned import and sale of toys and childcare products containing phthalates. Several states have their own restrictions. Phthalates are endocrine-disrupting chemicals that cross the placenta. When absorbed by the fetus, they can either mimic or block female hormones, or in males, suppress hormones involved in male sexual development. For this study, researchers recruited women who were 11 to 18 weeks’ pregnant. Their urine was analyzed for phthalate byproducts (DEHP, DiNP and MBzBP). The infants’ developmental and…  read on >  read on >

It’s not unusual to experience driving anxiety. Living in cities with heavy traffic, five-lane highways and little public transportation can make it even harder. A psychologist offers some suggestions for easing those fears. “One of the biggest challenges centers around anxiety related to the trigger, and that can be exacerbated by a variety of things like weather, traffic or concerns about road rage,” said Dr. Eric Storch, vice chair of psychology in the department of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston. Someone experiencing driving anxiety might feel distress. Another common symptom is avoidance. When anxiety is extreme, that might mean not driving at all, getting rides from others or using ride-share apps like Uber. Someone may only drive when others are present or under certain conditions, such as during the day or not on highways. However, these options are just not practical for many and might cause greater anxiety and avoidance over time, Storch said. It’s crucial that someone learns how to confront driving fears gradually and progressively. Start driving on backroads, then move to non-highway roads. Then drive those same roads during high-traffic times. Over time, step it up to more traffic situations. If you fear driving on big bridges, start by driving on small bridges and then drive on larger bridges. “The whole time, you’re reflecting on being…  read on >  read on >

It can be hard for new college students, or those returning after summer break, to be away from home. Homesickness is a normal reaction. About 30% of all students and 70% of first-year students experience it. Though it can happen at any time, it’s most common in the first few months away. Stephanie Marcello, chief psychologist at Rutgers University Behavioral Health Care in New Brunswick, N.J., offers some suggestions for making it a little easier. “Homesickness tends to decrease after the first semester, but how fast a person overcomes it varies,” Marcello said in a Rutgers news release. Physical signs can include disrupted sleep, lack of appetite, headaches, dizziness and increased risk of infection, especially gastrointestinal. A student might be consumed with thoughts of home or returning home, feel pessimistic about their new environment or have difficulty concentrating. Other signs are feelings of depression, anxiety, irritability, sadness or feeling isolated or alone. Some people may be more prone to these feelings, including those with other stressors or a lack of social support. Risk factors for feeling homesickness include the ability to warm up to new people and situations; whether a person wanted to move out from home; how friends and family back home are experiencing their move; and their overall attitude toward the experience. Expecting to feel homesick can bring on those feelings. Marcello suggests…  read on >  read on >

Red tape is getting in the way of cancer patients receiving the treatment they crucially require, a new study has found. Patients were 18% more likely to experience cancer care delays or be unable to stick to a treatment plan if they had to fill out a lot of paperwork, compared to patients who faced less red tape, the researchers found. Results also showed that the more paperwork a patient had to deal with, the more likely they were to experience delays in treatment. “These are patients who are under incredible amounts of stress, who are often physically and emotionally nowhere near their best, and now having to try to jump through these hoops, the challenge becomes way more difficult and, quite frankly, unacceptable,” said Dr. Joe Betancourt, president of the Commonwealth Fund, a health policy think tank. “We need to really advocate for decreasing these administrative and bureaucratic burdens on patients who are suffering from chronic diseases and need care,” added Betancourt, who was not involved in the study. These delays were worse for younger patients who were less experienced at navigating the health care system, researchers reported Aug. 30 in the journal Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. Black Americans also reported more paperwork-related delays than white Americans, the study found. The U.S. health care system requires a complex series of communications among patients,…  read on >  read on >

Float therapy, where a patient is suspended in a pool of warm, salty water in a soundproof room, could help ease some aspects of anorexia nervosa, a small new study found. “The idea is that women with anorexia have dysfunctional interoceptive abilities [sensing internal signals from your body], so they’re not able to attend to and perceive their bodily experiences in the same way that healthy individuals can,” explained study co-author Emily Choquette, a postdoctoral research associate at the Laureate Institute for Brain Research in Tulsa, Okla. “And one unique thing about floating is that it helps people become more in tune with those body signals.” The research involved 68 women and girls hospitalized for anorexia treatment in a Tulsa clinic; 45 participated in a one-hour float therapy twice per week for four weeks, while the other 23 (the control group) did not. Every participant also received care as usual. Both immediately after the float therapy, as well as in the six months after therapy, participants showed significant reductions in body dissatisfaction, which was measured by the Photographic Figure Rating Scale. The control group did not show significant changes in body dissatisfaction levels. “We showed them a series, a validated scale that is composed of 10 different pictures of actual female bodies varying from an underweight to an overweight body mass index. And they pick…  read on >  read on >

Most fathers experience a decline in relationship satisfaction that can last for years after the baby is born, new research shows. “A good couple relationship during the transition to parenthood is important for parents’ mental health, involvement in parenting and bonding, as well as child development,” said lead author Judith Mack, a research associate at the Technical University of Dresden in Germany. “In the last decades, however, fathers have been neglected in research, even though they oftentimes play an equally important role in the family system as mothers. It is therefore crucial to shed light on their experiences,” she said. For the study, published on Aug. 30 in PLOS ONE, the European researchers reviewed responses from German parents to a survey that began in 2017. It included 500 first-time fathers and 106 who were expecting their second child. They were asked about relationship satisfaction with their partners two months before the birth, and then at eight weeks, 14 months and two years after delivery. No matter whether a child was Dad’s first or second, fathers were less satisfied with their relationship after the birth, the study found. First-timers were, however, more satisfied with their relationship before their baby’s birth compared to second-time dads. At eight weeks after birth, they still reported higher satisfaction than second-time dads. But first-time dads’ had a steeper decline in relationship…  read on >  read on >