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An investigation into a high number of cancers at a Montana nuclear missile base has led to the discovery of unsafe levels of a likely carcinogen. The hundreds of cancer cases appear to be connected to underground launch control centers at Malmstrom Air Force Base. Levels of PCBs, an oily or waxy substance that is considered a likely carcinogen by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), were higher than the agency’s recommended threshold. The finding “is the first from an extensive sampling of active U.S. intercontinental ballistic missile bases to address specific cancer concerns raised by missile community members,” Air Force Global Strike Command said Monday in a news release. Gen. Thomas Bussiere, commander of Air Force Global Strike Command, has directed “immediate measures to begin the cleanup process for the affected facilities and mitigate exposure by our airmen and Guardians to potentially hazardous conditions.” At least nine current or former missileers at Malmstrom have been diagnosed with a rare blood cancer that uses the body’s lymph system to spread, according to a military briefing obtained by the Associated Press. A grassroots group of former missile launch officers and their surviving family members, the Torchlight Initiative, has said there are at least 268 people who served at the nuclear missile sites or their family members who have been diagnosed with cancer, blood diseases or other… read on > read on >

Underage drinking is an issue in many U.S. communities, but the number of law enforcement agencies using alcohol-related enforcement strategies has remained low or dropped in the past decade. In a new study, researchers tracked law enforcement strategies for underage drinking, impaired driving and sales to obviously intoxicated persons between 2010 and 2019. The research updated an earlier study on the topic. Among the findings were that, back in 2010, nearly 42% of agencies used compliance checks, in which law enforcement supervise undercover youth who attempt to purchase alcohol. But by 2019, only 36.4% of agencies used this strategy. Enforcement of laws prohibiting adults from providing alcohol to underage persons also dropped, from 48.5% to almost 34%. Enforcing underage possession and/or consumption of alcohol also declined, 84.7% in 2010 to 66.5% in 2019. “Use of all three types of underage drinking enforcement efforts that we examined significantly decreased from 2010 to 2019,” said lead study author Kathleen Lenk, a researcher at the University of Minnesota School of Public Health. “In addition, enforcement aimed at underage drinkers themselves, versus the alcohol outlets and adults who supply alcohol, were the most commonly used enforcement strategies at both time points,” she said in a university news release. “This is a common enforcement approach, but studies demonstrate it is more effective to focus on reducing access to alcohol, rather… read on > read on >

A new brain-zapping technology may help ease the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children without some of the side effects stimulant medications can cause, a small, preliminary study suggests. Marked by trouble concentrating, sitting still and/or controlling impulsive behaviors, ADHD affects about 5.3 million children, according to Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (CHADD). The new technology, called transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS), involves placing two electrodes on the brain where they emit a mild, painless electrical current. The study was funded by Tech Innosphere Engineering Ltd., the device manufacturer. “A novel form of noninvasive, safe and painless brain stimulation led to a significant effect on ADHD symptoms reduction that persisted three weeks after the end of the intervention,” said study author Roi Cohen Kadosh, head of the School of Psychology at the University of Surrey in England. Still, the new technology is not ready for prime time yet, he added. “The results are promising, but we need to extend it to a larger population of patients, which we are planning to start this year,” Cohen Kadosh said. Exactly how the technology works to reduce ADHD symptoms isn’t fully understood yet, added study author Mor Nahum, head of the Computerized Neurotherapy Lab at Hebrew University in Jerusalem. “In ADHD kids, we know that some of the frontal brain areas may be less… read on > read on >

In the midst of a childhood obesity epidemic, a new study is pointing to a way to help school kids maintain a healthier weight: clean, accessible drinking water. The decidedly low-tech solution emerged in a study of 18 California elementary schools that serve largely low-income minority families. Researchers found that when they kicked off a “Water First” program — which included putting tap water stations in the schools — it made a difference in kids’ weight gain. At the nine schools where the program launched, the percentage of kids who fell into the overweight category held fairly steady over 15 months. In contrast, that figure rose by almost 4 percentage points at schools without the water program. Experts said the impact was striking, given that encouraging kids to drink water is just one simple step. “I think the fact that they were able to find this difference is pretty remarkable,” said Marlene Schwartz, director of the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity at the University of Connecticut. It’s generally tough to move the needle when it comes to kids’ weight, because it is influenced by so many factors, noted Schwartz, who was not involved in the study. Dr. Anisha Patel, who led the research, pointed to the relative simplicity of the tactic — which could have multiple benefits, including cavity prevention and keeping kids… read on > read on >

Early and gradual exposure to peanuts under medical supervision curbed infants’ allergies, according to a new study. While researchers had seen that peanut oral immunotherapy was well tolerated by toddlers, this research focused on an even younger age group. “We’ve seen how peanut oral immunotherapy is well-tolerated in toddlers, but there is limited real-world evidence available to demonstrate the benefits in babies,” said Dr. Sandra Hong, director of the Food Allergy Center of Excellence at the Cleveland Clinic. “We leveraged data from infants in our program to better understand the safety and efficacy of this treatment in children 12 months and younger.” The clinic’s Food Allergy Center of Excellence offers oral immunotherapy for babies, toddlers and young children who are allergic to peanuts. There, children under age 4 eat tiny amounts of peanuts in a step-by-step, controlled process. This study enrolled 22 infants between 7 and 11 months old. With an allergist and parent, the babies started on a daily dose of 18 milligrams of peanut protein in the form of peanut butter or peanut powder. That’s roughly twice the weight of a grain of table salt. Over six months, they were slowly given larger servings to consume until they reached a maintenance dose of 500 milligrams, the equivalent of two peanut kernels. Each of the 22 babies reached this milestone. More than half experienced… read on > read on >

Whether you got a tattoo on a whim or after much thought, that ink on your body is fairly permanent. Tattoo removal is possible, but it comes with risks, according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, which regulates tattoo ink and pigment, as well as the laser devices used to remove them. State and local authorities typically oversee tattooing practices. The FDA has cleared several types of lasers for tattoo lightening or removal. They are to be used by or under the supervision of a health care professional. The process requires using the correct type of laser, understanding how tissue will react and knowing how to treat the area after the procedure. One challenge with removal is that tattoos are more than skin deep. The needle injects ink into the skin, penetrating the epidermis, or outer layer. And it also deposits a drop of ink into the dermis, the layer underneath. The cells of the dermis are more stable than those of the epidermis, which, the FDA said, means the ink will mostly stay in place for a person’s lifetime. Lasering is the most common method for removing or lightening tattoos, according to the FDA. Laser light energy shatters the tattoo ink into small particles, and the immune system clears these particles over time. Different types of lasers may be used depending on the… read on > read on >

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration on Friday approved a new pill, called zuranolone, that may quickly ease severe postpartum depression and help millions of women regain their emotional equilibrium following childbirth. Taken as a pill once a day for two weeks, zuranolone (Zurzuvae) showed “rapid, significant and sustained” reductions in depressive symptoms when compared to a placebo, according to a recent study of nearly 200 women, the FDA said. These improvements occurred in as few as three days and were still evident 28 and 45 days later. That’s compared to the many weeks it typically takes for standard antidepressants to start taking full effect. “Postpartum depression is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition in which women experience sadness, guilt, worthlessness — even, in severe cases, thoughts of harming themselves or their child. And, because postpartum depression can disrupt the maternal-infant bond, it can also have consequences for the child’s physical and emotional development,” Dr. Tiffany Farchione, director of the Division of Psychiatry in the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, said in an agency statement. “Having access to an oral medication will be a beneficial option for many of these women coping with extreme, and sometimes life-threatening, feelings.” As many as 1 in 8 women in the United States develops depression just before or after giving birth. “Women report severe sadness or loss… read on > read on >

FRIDAY, Aug, 4, 2023Steroids are often unnecessarily prescribed to pregnant women thought to be at risk of preterm birth, a new evidence review contends. As a result, millions of babies are needlessly exposed to long-term health problems associated with steroid use in gestation, such as increased risk of infection and delayed brain development, researchers say. Steroids can’t prevent preterm birth, but they can accelerate the maturation of developing organs and give preemies a fighting chance for survival, said lead researcher Dr. Sarah McDonald, a professor of obstetrics at McMaster University in Ontario, Canada. However, two out of every five infants given steroids in the womb wound up being born full-term anyway, according to pooled data on 1.6 million babies from 17 previous studies. Compared to other at-term babies not given steroids, those infants had an increased risk of requiring neonatal intensive care, being put on a respirator, and developing long-term brain development and behavioral disorders, according to the review published Aug. 2 in the BMJ. “I like to say that steroids are powerful medications, and with great power comes great responsibility,” McDonald said. “We need to try to tailor the administration of these medications to pregnancies that are really at risk of preterm birth so we’re not exposing babies who go on and be born at term to these powerful medications.” In the same issue… read on > read on >

Workers may sense it intuitively but their mouse clicks prove it: Friday afternoon is the least productive time of the work week. It’s also when workers make the most typos. A Texas A&M University team studied this using the computer usage metrics of 789 in-office employees at a large energy company over two years. “Most studies of worker productivity use employee self-reports, supervisory evaluations or wearable technology, but these can be subjective and invasive,” said co-author Mark Benden, head of the university’s Department of Environmental and Occupational Health. “Instead, we used computer usage metrics — things like typing speed, typing errors and mouse activity — to get objective, noninvasive data on computer work patterns,” he said in a university news release. The researchers compared computer use across different days of the week and times of the day to see what kinds of patterns emerged. “We found that computer use increased during the week, then dropped significantly on Fridays,” said study leader Taehyun Roh, an assistant professor of epidemiology and biostatistics. “People typed more words and had more mouse movement, mouse clicks and scrolls every day from Monday through Thursday, then less of this activity on Friday.” Computer use fell off every afternoon — especially on Fridays — the data revealed. “Employees were less active in the afternoons and made more typos in the afternoons —… read on > read on >

Ever feel like your job is pointless? A big part of the population feels just that way — that the jobs they do matter little to society. And a Swiss study that delved into what’s been dubbed the “bullshit jobs theory” found that feeling was especially likely for folks in financial, sales and management jobs. About 19% of employees found their work rarely or never gave them “a feeling of making a positive impact on community and society” and “the feeling of doing useful work,” the study found. That finding is in line with the “bullshit jobs theory” espoused by the late American anthropologist David Graeber, who maintained that some jobs are socially useless. “Employees’ assessment of whether their work is perceived as socially useless is a very complex issue that needs to be approached from different angles,” study leader Simon Walo, a sociologist at the University of Zurich, said in a university news release. “It depends on various factors that do not necessarily have anything to do with the actual usefulness of work as claimed by Graeber. For example, people may also view their work as socially useless because unfavorable working conditions make it seem pointless,” Walo explained. In addition to Graeber’s theory, other researchers have suggested that people consider their jobs useless not because of the importance of their work but because it… read on > read on >

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All Sauce from Weekly Gravy:

Carcinogens Found at Montana Nuclear Missile Base as Cancer Cases Rise Nearby

Police Often Fail to Enforce Laws on Underage Drinking: Study

‘Brain Zap’ Therapy Shows Promise in Quieting Childhood ADHD Without Meds

Some Schools Respond to Child Obesity by Focusing on Water

Study Confirms That Exposure Therapy in Infancy Can Stop Peanut Allergy

Tattoo Regret? Here’s Tips on Safely Getting Old ‘Ink’ Removed

FDA Gives Approval to Pill to Ease Postpartum Depression

Steroids That Can Save Preemie Babies May Have Health Downsides

More Typos: Workers’ Mistakes Rise on Fridays, Study Shows

Think Your Job Is ‘Socially Useless’? You’re Not Alone

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