When an earthquake struck the center of Morocco earlier this month, killing nearly 3,000 and injuring thousands more, no one was expecting it. That sudden rapid shaking of ground as the rocks underneath the earth shift can happen anywhere, but higher-risk areas in the United States include Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, Puerto Rico, Washington and the entire Mississippi River Valley. In their aftermath, earthquakes can cause fires, tsunamis, landslides and avalanches.That’s why the best time to prepare for such a disaster is before it happens, according to the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). FEMA offers some tips for preparing for an earthquake. Start preparing by creating an emergency plan that includes an out-of-state contact, FEMA suggests. Know where your family will meet if you get separated. Have a supply kit that includes enough food and water for several days, a flashlight, a fire extinguisher and a whistle, FEMA advises. Supplies can be expensive, so it’s fine to slowly build them up. Make your home a safer place in the event of an earthquake by securing heavy items, such as bookcases, refrigerators, water heaters, televisions and items that hang on walls. Store heavy and breakable items on low shelves. Fix any structural problems at home that could collapse if there was an earthquake, FEMA recommends. Get earthquake insurance, if you can. Standard homeowner’s insurance does…  read on >  read on >

Over 3 million American children now take medication for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but new research shows medication errors have spiked nearly 300% in the past two decades for these kids. The increase in ADHD medication errors parallels the increase in ADHD diagnoses, said study co-author Dr. Gary Smith, director of the Center for Injury Research and Policy at Nationwide Children’s Hospital in Columbus, Ohio. “Because therapeutic errors are preventable, more attention should be given to patient and caregiver education, and development of improved child-resistant medication dispensing and tracking systems,” Smith suggested. “Another strategy may be a transition from pill bottles to unit-dose packaging, like blister packs, which may aid in remembering whether a medication has already been taken or given.” About 10% of American children had an ADHD diagnosis in 2019, Smith said, making it one of the most common childhood neurodevelopmental disorders. The study, which researched errors reported through poison control centers from 2000 to 2021, found that about 54% of these mistakes happened when someone was accidentally given or took their medication twice. In about 13% of cases, someone inadvertently took or was given someone else’s medication, Smith said, and in about 13% of cases, the wrong medication was taken or given. A very large number of these mishaps, about 93%, happened at home. In two-thirds of cases, they involved kids aged 6…  read on >  read on >

Cannabinoid products may interfere with some prescription medications, so people who use them should add these to the list of supplements they tell their doctors about. This interference could have serious health consequences, according to Penn State Health, which offered some additional advice as legal medical and recreational cannabis becomes more common. “Whether it’s recreational cannabis, prescribed cannabinoid or medical marijuana, it’s important your doctor knows you’re using it,” said Kent Vrana, head of the pharmacology department at Penn State College of Medicine. “A problem in Pennsylvania is that you can get a medical marijuana card without any involvement by your [primary care physician], meaning your doctor may have no idea you’re using if you don’t say something,” Vrana said in a college news release. It’s possible that over-the-counter cannabidiol, better known as CBD, could benefit millions of people because of its medicinal properties without the high feeling, Penn State Health said. Recreational marijuana contains tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which makes users high. THC is sometimes present in CBD products. CBD has been proven safe and effective in the treatment of seizure disorders and may be useful for treating some cancers, Vrana said, but science on the substance is still limited. Prescription CBD is considered safe when used as directed. But other marketed products, such as oils, lotions or gummies, may not be approved by the U.S.…  read on >  read on >

Dark patches or freckle-like spots on the face are melasma, and it’s possible both to prevent them and make them less noticeable, according to a skin expert. Dr. Rebecca Kazin, a Rockville, Md., dermatologist, offers some tips for dealing with these patches, which are caused by sun exposure, pregnancy, stress, certain medications and sometimes a medical condition. “While melasma may go away on its own, it can persist for years,” Kazin said in a news release from the American Academy of Dermatology. “Although melasma is not harmful, people often want to treat it.” A dermatologist can create an individualized treatment plan using different therapies to address each patient’s concerns, she said. Melanocytes, the cells that give skin its color, are more active in darker complexions, so melasma can be more noticeable with darker skin tones. Kazin and the American Academy of Dermatology recommend protecting the skin from the sun. Seek shade when outdoors. Wear sun-protective clothing, including a lightweight and long-sleeved shirt, pants, a wide-brimmed hat and sunglasses with UV protection. Choosing clothing with an ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) number on the label can offer even more protection. Use a broad-spectrum, water-resistant sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher on all skin not covered by clothing whenever you’re outdoors, even on cloudy days. Reapply sunscreen every two hours, more often if you have been…  read on >  read on >

Any head injury — even a mild one — raises a person’s risk of later having an ischemic stroke. Having multiple injuries increases that risk, even more so than the severity of a single traumatic brain injury (TBI), researchers report. “Our study found that those who experience two or more head injuries, including even mild head injuries, are at higher risk of subsequent ischemic stroke,” said study author Dr. Holly Elser, a neurology resident at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. “The findings underscore the importance of public health interventions to reduce the risk of head injury, as well as measures aimed at stroke prevention among individuals with a prior head injury.” An ischemic stroke, the most common type of stroke, is caused by a blockage in the vessels that supply blood to the brain. TBIs can be mild, moderate or severe. To study the connection with stroke, the researchers analyzed data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study of more than 12,800 U.S. adults. The diverse group had not had a head injury or stroke when the study began in 1987. More than 2,100 of those people did experience a head injury during the following 30-year time period, about 73% of which were mild. More than 140 had an ischemic stroke. The investigators found that those who had a head…  read on >  read on >

Two new studies looked to explain an increased risk of respiratory infections like coughs and colds in babies and young children, finding city living to be among the culprits. Young children who grow up in towns and cities instead of the countryside suffer more respiratory infections, according to research presented Monday at a meeting of the European Respiratory Society, in Milan, Italy. Findings presented at medical meetings are considered preliminary until published in a peer-reviewed journal. A second study that was also presented at the event and published Sept. 11 in the journal Pediatric Pulmonology, found that attending day care, living in a damp home or residing near dense traffic increased young children’s risk of chest infections. That study also noted that breastfeeding reduced the risk. In the first study, researchers included more than 660 children and their mothers. Participation began during pregnancy and continued until the children were 3 years old. By age 3, kids living in urban areas averaged 17 respiratory infections, such as coughs and colds, compared to 15 for kids in rural areas. That research also included detailed blood tests of the pregnant women and their newborns. Researchers analyzed the infants’ immune systems at 4 weeks of age and found differences between the urban and rural babies. There were also differences in blood samples from moms and babies related to living…  read on >  read on >

Eczema and psoriasis are skin conditions that can each affect a person’s quality of life. The best way to know which one you have if you have an itchy rash or burning feeling on your skin is to see an expert. “Both eczema and psoriasis can impact your sleep, mood and quality of life, so it’s important to seek help if you are struggling with these conditions,” said Dr. Catherine Emerson, a dermatologist at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago. Understanding the differences between psoriasis and eczema can ensure that you’re getting the right treatment and making choices that can help you avoid flare-ups. Both conditions can appear as dry, flaky skin with itching or burning. Both can emerge at any age, through eczema usually begins in childhood. It often develops along with allergic rhinitis and asthma. Together these conditions are sometimes called the “atopic triad.” Eczema tends to be itchier than psoriasis. It can appear inside the elbows and behind the knees. “Itch is a defining feature of eczema,” Emerson said in a center news release. “In fact, it is often called ‘the itch that rashes.’ It can present as dry patches, bumps or even fluid-filled blisters.” While psoriasis can also cause itchiness, sometimes it doesn’t. It is marked by red, thick and scaly plaques with defined edges. “Psoriasis classically involves the scalp, elbows…  read on >  read on >

New Swedish research suggests that up to 5% of 70-year-olds have glaucoma, and half of those diagnosed didn’t even know they had the disease. “Of those who were diagnosed with glaucoma via the study, 15 people — or 2.7% of all participants — were unaware that they had the disease before being examined,” said study author Lena Havstam Johansson, a PhD student at the University of Gothenburg and a specialist nurse at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, both in Gothenburg, Sweden. “So half of those who turned out to have glaucoma were diagnosed because they took part in the study.” Those who received this diagnosis were able to start treatment with daily eye drops that lower the pressure in the eye and slow optic nerve damage. Researchers noted that those with glaucoma had similar levels of physical activity and did not smoke more or drink more alcohol than those without the disease. Their overall quality of life was as good as the others. They were not more tired or more depressed. “This was a positive surprise, and was a finding that I hope can bring comfort to many people who have been diagnosed with glaucoma. It’s hard to live with a disease that gradually impairs vision, but life can still be good in many ways,” Havstam Johansson said in a University of Gothenburg news release. Yet, those…  read on >  read on >