A diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder need not be a life sentence, a large Canadian study suggests. “It’s so exciting,” said lead author Esme Fuller-Thomson, director of the Institute for Life Course and Aging at the University of Toronto. People with generalized anxiety disorder worry excessively for long periods, and most days they struggle to control their discomfort, according to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America. Anxiety affects an estimated 31% of U.S. adults, is almost twice as common in women than men, and often goes hand-in-hand with major depression. Fuller-Thomson’s team combed data from a 2012 Canadian mental health survey of just over 21,000 people in search of factors associated with “complete mental health.” Of those surveyed, about 2,100 had generalized anxiety disorders. Researchers defined complete mental health as being free of current mental illness, being able to function well and feeling good about oneself, relationships and community connections. Of those with a history of anxiety, 72% were in remission; 58% were free of all mental illness for the past year; and 40% met the criteria for complete mental health. Among the larger group of respondents who had never had a generalized anxiety disorder, 76% were said to have complete mental health. “I didn’t expect the numbers to be so high,” Fuller-Thomson said. “It did surprise me.” The study did not look at…  read on >

As much as people often love to talk about their feelings, it might be more productive to skip the conversations and write about your worries instead, according to research done at Michigan State University (MSU). The research, published in the journal Psychophysiology, provides the first neural evidence of the benefits of expressive writing, according to lead author Hans Schroder. He’s a former MSU doctoral student who is now doing research at the Laboratory for Translational and Affective Neuroscience at McLean Hospital, in Belmont, Mass. It turns out that writing about your stresses, anxiety and worries can free up your brain to accomplish other tasks more effectively. Researchers have long known that constant worry uses up mental resources. It’s as though anxiety is always running in the background. So when you add on, say, a stressful work project, you automatically force your brain to multitask, which is never a good thing. In the MSU study, Schroder’s team found that the participants who wrote expressively about their feelings were able to offload their worries and allow their brains to run efficiently, like a new hybrid car. On the other hand, study participants who didn’t write about their feelings — and stayed stressed — ended up guzzling more brain gas to accomplish the same tasks, like your parents’ old, inefficient clunker. The key takeaway is that offloading worry…  read on >

High levels of ozone and wood smoke each increase the risk for lung diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among smokers and nonsmokers alike, two new studies find. People with COPD gradually lose their ability to draw a decent breath. Cigarette smoking is the leading cause, but COPD also can be caused by regular exposure to lung irritants. In one study of nearly 1,900 participants, researchers found that exposure to high levels of ozone over a decade increased the likelihood of COPD. For every 5-parts-per-billion increase in 10-year ozone exposure, the risk for COPD increased 16%, the findings showed. The same increase in ozone was also linked with greater odds of emphysema and a worse quality of life, the study authors said. “What really stood out was that the effect was apparent even among current heavy smokers,” said researcher Dr. Nadia Hansel, director of the pulmonary and critical care division at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, in Baltimore. “This means that active smoking doesn’t outweigh this effect of ozone.” Even those already at risk for COPD had an additional increased risk with ozone exposure, she added in a university news release. “I think this adds to increasing evidence that there is probably no healthy level of ozone,” Hansel said. Her team’s findings were published online recently in JAMA Internal Medicine. In the second…  read on >

Testosterone therapy is no fountain of youth for older men, though it might help some who are impotent. That’s according to new guidelines from the American College of Physicians — the first from the group to address the issue of treating age-related “low T.” It’s known that men’s testosterone levels decline with age. And for years industry has promoted the idea that men suffer a range of symptoms caused by what’s sometimes described as “male menopause.” The list includes fatigue, weakness, muscle loss, dulled memory and thinking, depression, and dampened libido and erectile dysfunction. Yet for nearly all of those problems, there is no good evidence testosterone therapy helps, the college found in a research review. The only area where there is some benefit, the group says, is in treating sexual dysfunction. On average, studies have found “small improvements” in sexual and erectile function. The lackluster performance in clinical trials is “a bit surprising,” said ACP president Dr. Robert McLean. But, he pointed out, the fact that testosterone wanes with age does not automatically mean that’s behind men’s health issues. And that means replacing testosterone will not necessarily help. That never stopped manufacturers of supplemental testosterone, however. For years, they launched aggressive marketing campaigns warning men of the health effects of age-related declines of the male hormone. Between 2009 and 2013, the number of U.S.…  read on >

Minimum wage laws can be a literal lifesaver for people who are struggling to get by, a new study suggests. The suicide rate declines among less-educated folks when the minimum wage is increased, researchers discovered. States experience as much as a 6% decrease in their suicide rates for every $1 increase in the minimum wage, said lead researcher John Kaufman, a doctoral student of epidemiology at Emory University, in Atlanta. A $1 increase in the federal minimum wage could have prevented 13,800 suicides among less-educated adults aged 18 to 64 during the peak in unemployment following the 2009 financial crash, researchers estimated. A $2 increase would have prevented 25,900 suicides between 2009 and 2015. This effect is solely among people with a high school education or less, Kaufman said, and it grows stronger when the unemployment rate is higher. “During periods of high unemployment, people are more willing to work at lower-wage jobs, and those lower-wage jobs are going to be the ones that have increased pay if there’s an increase in minimum wage,” Kaufman said. “Those jobs become more valuable both to the people working and to their dependents and their families, compared to times when the economy is doing well.” There’s broad support among Democratic presidential candidates for doubling the federal minimum wage from $7.25 to $15, including former Vice President Joe Biden…  read on >