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While vast quantities of peels from the aloe vera plant are thrown out every year as agricultural waste, this natural ingredient has potential to be a powerful insecticide, new research suggests. “It’s likely that millions of tons of aloe peels are disposed of globally every year,” said principal investigator Debasish Bandyopadhyay, from the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley. “We wanted to find a way to add value and make them useful.” The plant’s rinds can naturally ward off bugs because of several bioactive compounds found in extracts from the peels. The researchers will present their results this week at the fall meeting of the American Chemical Society, held online and in San Francisco. Bandyopadhyay noticed when he was visiting a local aloe vera production center, that insects left the aloe leaves alone, even as they attacked the leaves of other plants. He asked the CEO of the company if he could take the rinds back to his lab. While some home gardeners have begun to use aloe gel as an ingredient in natural pesticides, these recipes don’t always include the peels. Currently, aloe peels are typically used to create biomass to improve soil quality at aloe farms. However, this rotting agricultural waste can release methane and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, contributing to global climate change. Conversely, recycling the peels to develop a…  read on >  read on >

Mosquitoes can be a big pest, leaving behind itchy bumps on skin and potentially spreading serious diseases, such as West Nile virus. Sam Telford III is a professor of infectious disease and global health at Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University and a commissioner for the Central Massachusetts Mosquito Control Project. Some counties in his state have detected West Nile virus this summer, and he said the risk will peak in the next few weeks. That’s why it’s important to protect yourself from mosquitoes. But some products meant to deter them work, and others don’t do the job. What works & doesn’t Citronella, for example, is less effective than other products such as DEET, according to Telford. Patio appliances that heat repellents to keep groups safe outdoors were shown to be highly effective against four species of mosquitoes. Wearables, however, don’t reduce mosquitoes’ attraction to humans, Telford pointed out. While some think wearing long sleeves and long pants will help, keep in mind that mosquitoes can bite through tight-fitting clothing if it’s made of thin material. A better alternative is to wear loose-fitting clothing that has been treated with an insecticide like permethrin (0.5%). Use caution with clothing that is still wet from treatment. It is toxic to cats. Insect repellents with active ingredients such as DEET, picaridin, IR3535 or oil of lemon…  read on >  read on >

A more personalized approach to exercise may be necessary, claims a new study that found fat burning varied widely between individuals. Even worse, this rate often does not align with the “fat-burning zone” on commercial exercise machines, the researchers added. Clinical exercise testing, a diagnostic procedure to measure a person’s physiological response to exercise, may be a more useful tool, the study authors said. “People with a goal of weight or fat loss may be interested in exercising at the intensity which allows for the maximal rate of fat burning. Most commercial exercise machines offer a ‘fat-burning zone’ option, depending upon age, sex and heart rate,” said lead study author Hannah Kittrell. She is a PhD candidate at Icahn Mount Sinai in the Augmented Intelligence in Medicine and Science laboratory, in New York City. “However, the typically recommended fat-burning zone has not been validated, thus individuals may be exercising at intensities that are not aligned with their personalized weight-loss goals,” Kittrell said in a Mount Sinai news release. The researchers noted that the term FATmax is sometimes used to represent the exercise intensity and associated heart rate at the time when the body reaches its highest fat-burning rate during aerobic exercise. Fat is a significant fuel source at this point. For the study, the investigators compared heart rate at FATmax, as measured during a clinical…  read on >  read on >

Psilocybin, the active ingredient in “magic” mushrooms, is getting renewed interest as a potential treatment for various health conditions. Now, a new research review argues that migraines should be added to that list. Psilocybin mushrooms have long been used recreationally as hallucinogens — meaning they alter users’ perceptions of their surroundings. That can lead to euphoria on one end of the scale, or — if things go badly — anxiety, panic or dangerous hallucinations. Medical research into psychedelics like psilocybin and LSD began in the 1950s, and then famously ended after a surge in recreational use by the 1960s “counterculture.” But recent years have seen a new interest in the drugs as medical therapy. Researchers at institutions such as Johns Hopkins University, New York University and the University of California are studying psilocybin as a treatment for conditions like depression, addiction and eating disorders. While most of the research is focused on psychiatric conditions, psilocybin has also shown hints of promise against cluster headaches and migraines. In the new review, published recently in the journal Current Pain and Headache Reports, Dr. Emmanuelle Schindler, an assistant professor of neurology at Yale School of Medicine, describes the research done so far. That includes her own 2021 pilot trial, where Schindler and her colleagues tested the effects of psilocybin — given under medical supervision — in 10 patients…  read on >  read on >

Punishing heat is a fact of life inside America’s prisons without air conditioning, and it is taking a serious toll on prisoners’ mental health. When the outside thermometer hits 90 degrees Fahrenheit or more, a new study shows that prison suicide risk jumps 36%, in comparison to when temperatures are in the 60s. The finding comes from a look at the Louisiana prison system, one of the largest in the United States. It has been embroiled in legal action due to lack of air conditioning and extreme heat. “Many of the spaces within prisons where incarcerated people eat, work and sleep do not have air conditioning,” said study author David Cloud, who led the study as a doctoral student at Emory University Rollins School of Public Health in Atlanta. The problem is particularly serious across the American South, Cloud said, pointing out that while extreme heat is dangerous for anyone in any environment, the prison population is particularly vulnerable. “We are all feeling the effects of extreme heat, and I think most people recognize how spending too much time in the heat can affect their energy levels, mood and overall state of well-being,” he said. “There is a reason that we have systems in place to warn people to take caution and adjust their daily routines when the heat becomes dangerous.” But, Cloud noted, there…  read on >  read on >

As cannabis use has become legal in many U.S. states for medical or recreational use, Americans’ views on the drug may have gotten rosier. In fact, a new report finds that over 44% of adults now believe smoking weed each day is safer than inhaling tobacco smoke. That perception is counter to the science, however, and could have a serious impact on public health. “The research that has been coming out is actually suggestive that there’s a lot of overlap in terms of the toxins and carcinogens that are in [both] cannabis and tobacco smoke,” noted study author Dr. Beth Cohen, a professor of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine. “What we’ve learned in the past few years seems more concerning, not less concerning.” For this study involving more than 5,000 adults, researchers focused on public perceptions of smoking the two substances, using data from 2017 to 2021. Many of those surveyed felt daily cannabis smoking was safer than smoking tobacco every day. While about 37% thought it was safer in 2017, that grew to 44% by 2021. The researchers saw a similar pattern for secondhand smoke, with 35% considering secondhand cannabis smoke as safer than tobacco smoke in 2017, compared to 40% in 2021. The reality is that smoke of any kind isn’t good for your lungs, the study…  read on >  read on >

Many Americans diagnosed with cancer continue to drink alcohol regularly — sometimes heavily and sometimes during treatment, a new study shows. The study, of over 15,000 U.S. cancer survivors, found that 78% were current drinkers. And of them, significant percentages said they binged or engaged in other “risky” drinking. The same patterns were seen even among people undergoing cancer treatment. Experts said the findings are concerning, in part because alcohol increases the risk of certain cancers. Drinking during cancer treatment, meanwhile, may interfere with the effectiveness of some therapies or boost the chances of side effects. “There were a lot of risky drinking behaviors in this study, which is surprising,” said senior researcher Yin Cao, an associate professor at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. It is true, Cao said, that there is still a lot left to learn about how drinking — including problem drinking — affects cancer survivors’ health over the long haul. There’s limited information, for example, on whether drinking after a cancer diagnosis increases the chances of a recurrence. On the other hand, heavy drinking has well-known health hazards. And there already are “clear guidelines” encouraging everyone — cancer survivor or not — to limit their drinking, for a host of health reasons, Cao said. Those include guidelines from the American Cancer Society (ACS), which say that alcohol use…  read on >  read on >

MONDAY, Aug. 14, 2023 (HealthDay News) – The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has warned that consumers should not use certain pregnancy, ovulation, urine, UTI and breast milk test kits over concerns that the tests may not be safe and effective. The tests in question were manufactured by Universal Meditech Inc. (UMI), though they were branded under several names and may not include information about UMI on their packaging, the agency said in a news release. The known distributors are AC&C Distribution LLC; HealthyWiser; Home Health US Inc. and Prestige Biotech Inc. The tests were sold under those brand names. UMI has notified the FDA that it has stopped all operations and is no longer providing support for its tests, the agency added. The FDA could not confirm the performance of the company’s tests, which were sold online by at least these four distributors. The tests may also have been sold under other brand names by other distributors. UMI recalled undistributed tests, but did not seek to recall tests that were already purchased. Some of the names the tests were sold under include: One Step Pregnancy Test DiagnosUS One Step Ovulation Test HealthyWiser UriTest 10 Parameter Reagent Test Strips for Urinalysis HealthyWiser UriTest UTI Test Strips HealthyWiser KetoFast Ketone Test Strips HealthyWiser pH-Aware pH Test Strips To Life hCG Pregnancy Urine Test Am I Pregnant…  read on >  read on >

The federal government recently stopped pandemic-related emergency food aid, leaving perhaps 2 million more Americans without enough to eat. Emergency allotments in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), also known as food stamps, ended in March in all states that hadn’t already cut them. After this temporary increase in SNAP benefits ended, recipients experienced a 21% relative increase in food insufficiency, according to research from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. Food insufficiency means more than just not having enough food; it also means a poor quality diet. “To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies to evaluate the association between changes in SNAP benefit amounts and food insufficiency,” said lead author Dr. Aaron Richterman, an instructor in the division of infectious diseases at the university. “This study shows the severe consequences of reducing SNAP benefit amounts at a time when inflation was causing rapid rises in food prices, and is especially important because of upcoming federal negotiations surrounding SNAP’s renewal in the Farm Bill at the end of September,” he explained in a school news release. SNAP distributes benefits to low-income families to buy food. About 10% of U.S. households may not have enough to eat without these benefits. To study what happened when federal officials ended the emergency allotments, researchers compared trends in states that ended them…  read on >  read on >

Some menstrual products — pads, tampons, cups and underwear — contain harmful “forever chemicals,” according to new research into the contents of these essential items. Researchers analyzed more than 100 period products looking for fluorinated compounds, an indicator of potentially harmful per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, or PFAS. The products typically don’t list ingredients on their packaging. PFAS include more than 12,000 compounds that can resist water, stains and sticking. They don’t break down easily in the environment or the human body, but instead accumulate. While exposure to these compounds has been linked to some cancers and immune suppression, there are few regulatory limits on PFAS or period products in the United States or Europe. Researchers presented their findings Sunday at a meeting of the American Chemical Society, in San Francisco. “Of course, you’re concerned for the wearer, but we’re also concerned about the ecological impact because PFAS are ‘forever chemicals,’” said principal investigator Graham Peaslee, a professor of physics at the University of Notre Dame. “Once these products are thrown away, they go to landfills and decay, releasing PFAS into groundwater,” he said in a meeting news release. “And we, or later generations, could end up inadvertently ingesting them.” How much PFAS can pass from materials to skin is unknown. For this study, researchers analyzed a variety of period products, from single-use to reusable products.…  read on >  read on >