Hockey players’ chances of developing concussion-related brain injury increase with every year they spend on the ice, a new study finds. The odds of having chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) increase among hockey players 34% for each year played, researchers reported Dec. 4 in JAMA Network Open. Results show 18 out of 19 National Hockey League players had CTE, a degenerative brain disease caused by repeated concussions, researchers found. However, CTE wasn’t found in a single hockey player who spent fewer than six years competing, researchers report. “Ice hockey players with longer careers not only were more likely to have CTE, but they also had more severe disease,” said researcher Dr. Jesse Mez, co-director of clinical research at the Boston University CTE Center. “We hope this data will help inspire changes to make the game safer as well as help former ice hockey players impacted by CTE get the care they need,” Mez added in a university news release. These results make ice hockey the third major sport, after American football and rugby, to show a dose-response relationship between years of play and the risk of developing CTE, the researchers noted. For the study, they studied the donated brains of 77 deceased male ice hockey players. They also tracked each player’s career, to see how their amateur or professional play might have affected their brain health.…  read on >  read on >

Zepbound, the new GLP-1 weight-loss drug from Eli Lilly & Co., has outperformed its main competitor, Wegovy, in a clinical trial funded by Lilly. “Given the increased interest around obesity medications, we conducted this study to help health care providers and patients make informed decisions about treatment choice,” Dr. Leonard Glass, senior vice president of global medical affairs at Lilly Cardiometabolic Health, said in an Eli Lilly news release announcing the trial results on Wednesday. “We are thrilled that today’s findings showed the superior weight loss of Zepbound, which helped patients achieve 47% more relative weight loss compared to Wegovy.” In the study, 751 obese and overweight adults across the United States were randomized to get one of the two highest doses of either Zepbound or Wegovy.  What did researchers discover? Patients who got weekly injections of Zepbound lost an average of 20.2% (50.3 pounds) of their body weight after 72 weeks, compared with an average of 13.7% body weight loss (33.1 pounds) for those on Wegovy. While this is the first randomized clinical trial comparing the two rival drugs, the findings haven’t yet been peer-reviewed, the company noted. Earlier research had shown Zepbound outperforms Wegovy for weight loss, but that research relied on existing data. Still, experts say both drugs deliver impressive results. Dr. Susan Spratt, an endocrinologist and senior medical director for the Population Health Management…  read on >  read on >

People who smoke and vape are less able to break free of their nicotine addiction than folks who only have one of those habits, a new review concludes. Instead, these “dual users” are more likely to eventually drop vaping and continue smoking tobacco, results show. The findings point to the insidious pull of nicotine and undermine arguments that vaping can help people quit smoking, researchers said. “While it may have been argued that heavy smokers might benefit from dual use by reducing their daily cigarette consumption, the high nicotine content of vapes adds to the risk of continued nicotine addiction,” said investigator Josef Hamoud, a research assistant with the University Medical Center Gottingen in Germany. For the study, published Dec. 3 in the journal Open Research, his team analyzed data from 16 previous studies of vaping and smoking. The studies included more than 9,300 people, including more than 2,400 dual users. “Given the extensive marketing of vapes as healthier alternatives to conventional smoking, they have gained popularity among people trying to quit smoking,” Hamoud said in a journal news release. “Some people are using them in addition to their conventional cigarettes, classifying them as dual users.” But just 24% of dual users quit nicotine completely within two years, compared with 25% of people who only smoke and 35% of people who only vape, researchers found.…  read on >  read on >

Pop music legend Elton John says that he can no longer see following an eye infection he battled last summer. The prolific singer-songwriter made the announcement Sunday at a charity gala performance of “The Devil Wears Prada: The Musical,” a theater production he scored. “I haven’t been able to come to many of the previews, because as you know, I’ve lost my eyesight, so it’s hard for me to see it, but I love to hear it — and boy, it sounded good tonight,” the artist said while speaking onstage, according to a video posted by Storyful. In November, John told “Good Morning America” co-anchor Robin Roberts about his struggles with his vision.”I unfortunately lost my eyesight in my right eye in July, because I had an infection in the south of France, and it’s been four months now since I haven’t been able to see,” he said at the time, adding that “my left eye is not the greatest.” “There’s hope and encouragement that it will be OK, but I’m kind of stuck at the moment,” he told Roberts. “I can do something like this, but going into the studio and recording, I don’t know.” John said he is trying whatever he can to improve his vision, but he still can’t see, watch or read anything. He added that despite his condition, he feels “lucky,” “grateful”…  read on >  read on >

Folks soon might have their brain activity scanned using a temporary tattoo, a new study suggests. This temporary scalp tattoo allowed researchers to track electrical brain activity much more easily than with conventional electrodes, researchers reported Dec. 2 in the journal Cell Biomaterials. Electronic tattoos, or e-tattoos, printed onto the scalps of five people performed just as well as electrodes at detecting brainwaves, researchers report. The e-tattoos also were easier to apply and lasted longer than an electrode array glued to the scalp, researchers found. “Our innovations in sensor design, biocompatible ink and high-speed printing pave the way for future on-body manufacturing of electronic tattoo sensors, with broad applications both within and beyond clinical settings,” said researcher Nanshu Lu, a professor of biomedical engineering with the University of Texas at Austin. Doctors use electroencephalography (EEG) to diagnose, track and treat a wide variety of illnesses, including seizures, cancer, epilepsy and brain injury. A traditional EEG test requires technicians to measure each patient’s scalp with rulers and pencils, marking more than a dozen spots where electrodes could be glued and wired, researchers said in background notes. It’s a time-consuming process, so Lu and her team decided to see whether such electrode arrays could be replaced with liquid ink e-tattoos. These tattoos contain sensors that can track electrical activity in the body. The team designed a liquid…  read on >  read on >

Blocking blood flow to the site of knee arthritis can reduce pain and potentially prevent the need for knee replacement surgery, a new study says. The procedure, called genicular artery embolization (GAE), improved patients’ quality of life by 87% and their pain by 71% at a one-year follow-up, researchers report. “Our study found that GAE can effectively reduce knee pain and improve quality of life early after the treatment, with these benefits being maintained over the long term, especially for people who haven’t had success with other treatments like physical therapy or pain medications,” said lead researcher Dr. Florian Nima Fleckenstein, an interventional radiologist at Charité – University Hospital Berlin in Germany. The genicular arteries are six leg arteries that meet to form a network around the knee joint, researchers said in background notes. These arteries are altered in patients with knee arthritis. Researchers reasoned that blocking blood flow from these arteries at the site of knee pain could help reduce inflammation, continual wear down of cartilage and the growth of new nerves that increase pain sensation. For the study, researchers performed GAE on more than 400 people ages 40 to 90 with moderate to severe knee arthritis that hadn’t responded to other treatments. The procedure involves injecting small particles into specific blood vessels to block blood flow, researchers said. Results showed that the procedure…  read on >  read on >

Folks might want to try timing their COVID-19 booster vaccine to coincide with a period of increased transmission in their area, a new study suggests. Doing so can improve protection against COVID infection as much as fourfold compared to getting the jab when the coronavirus isn’t spreading as much, researchers report in the journal Clinical Infectious Diseases. “Timing is everything when it comes to COVID-19 boosters,” lead researcher Jeffrey Townsend, a professor of biostatistics at the Yale School of Public Health, said in a news release. “Our research shows that receiving your booster shot at the right time can make a significant difference in your protection against infection,” he said. “By tailoring booster schedules to local COVID-19 patterns, we can help ensure people are best protected when they need it most.” Results show that receiving a booster in September or October provides three to four times more protection against infection in the U.S., compared to shots given later in the year. For example, New Yorkers can get the best protection by getting their booster on Sept. 15, the study found. Waiting until January reduces its effectiveness by 3.6-fold. Ideally, booster shots should precede peak COVID periods by just under three months, the study found. That gives the shot a chance to maximize protection just as the virus starts to circulate, researchers said. Delaying booster shots…  read on >  read on >

Concussion-related brain damage can combine with a family history of mental illness to make some athletes and military personnel prone to aggression and violence in middle age, a new study says.  People with chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) are at higher risk of mood changes and dementia, but this study shows that aggression is another risk posed by the condition. “This appears to be a case where together these risk factors add up to a greater risk for aggression than they each do on their own, where people with CTE and a family history of mental illness are much more likely to have aggressive behavior than those with just CTE or just the family history,” researcher Dr. Jesse Mez, an associate professor of neurology with the Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, said in a news release. Some individual cases have already highlighted the potential link between CTE and violence. For example, former New England Patriots tight end Aaron Hernandez hanged himself in jail at age 27 following his conviction for the murder of a friend. Autopsy of his brain revealed it was riddled with CTE damage, particularly in regions associated with decision-making and judgment. In this study, researchers looked at 845 men exposed to repetitive head impacts through contact sports or military service, including 329 who played professional football. All donated their brains…  read on >  read on >