Health/Fitness « Weekly Gravy

Of all the skin cancers, melanoma is the one that scares doctors and patients the most. Luckily, there are now several options for treatment should you be diagnosed with this aggressive, sometimes deadly, cancer. Melanoma affects over 1 million Americans, and its rates have risen significantly in the past 30 years, according to the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD). Here, experts explore what melanoma is, along with its causes, risk factors and key symptoms. Plus, you’ll learn about melanoma’s stages, types and treatments. What is melanoma? The American Cancer Society (ACS) explains that cancer occurs when cells begin to grow out of control. Melanoma is a type of cancer that starts in the pigment-making cells, known as “melanocytes.” While not as common as other forms of skin cancer, it is more serious. “Melanoma is more aggressive and more likely to spread to the lymph nodes,” said Dr. Hugh Greenway, a dermatologic surgeon with Scripps MD Anderson Cancer Center and Scripps Clinic in California. “It’ll spread to the liver, to the brain and throughout the body if not checked.” According to the AAD, ultraviolet light from the sun or tanning beds is the cause of melanoma. Risk factors include: Blistering sunburns Tanning bed use Light skin, light-colored eyes, or red or blond hair Moles that are asymmetrical or large Time in the sun without protection Numerous… read on > read on >

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is once again warning consumers to avoid muscle-building “supplements” that are anything but a safe alternative to steroids. In an advisory sent out last week, the agency said it continues to receive reports of serious side effects linked to selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs). The compounds mimic some of the effects of testosterone, and have long been under study for treating muscle-wasting and bone loss caused by certain medical conditions. None have been approved by the FDA, however, and the agency stresses that SARMs are drugs, not dietary supplements. Still, online companies are marketing SARM-containing products, with the help of social media. “Online vendors and social media influencers are using social media to make SARMs seem safe and effective,” the FDA said in its warning. Based on the reports the agency is receiving, that is far from the case: SARM-containing products are linked to sometimes life-threatening effects such as heart attacks, strokes and liver failure. Other side effects include testicular shrinkage, sexual dysfunction, fertility problems and even psychosis. The FDA has been warning consumers about the risks for years, and taken action against some companies that illegally market the products. But, experts said, because people are getting SARMs online from overseas companies, the problem is hard to tackle from the supply side. And from the consumer side, it may… read on > read on >

U.S. regulators are urging Americans to avoid Apetamin, an illegal drug used for weight gain and figure enhancement. The substance, typically sold as a syrup, is manufactured overseas, illegally imported and isn’t approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. It contains a potent antihistamine called cyproheptadine, which requires a physician’s prescription in the United States. American consumers may find Apetamin online, on social media or in some retail stores, but they should not use it, the FDA warned in an agency news release. Among its dangerous side effects are potential overdose, sedation, cognitive impairment, dizziness, low blood pressure, disorientation and confusion, hallucinations, convulsions, and decreased breath and heart rates. It may lead to coma or death, the FDA said. The substance also decreases mental alertness, which may affect a person’s ability to drive a car or operate machinery. This strong antihistamine may be dangerously strengthened when taken with alcohol and other central nervous system depressants, such as hypnotics, sedatives, tranquilizers and anti-anxiety medications, the FDA said. Reports to the FDA’s Adverse Event Reporting System found young adults had taken Apetamin and experienced nervous system disorders, cardiac disorders and liver injury, the agency said. In one published report, someone who took Apetamin daily for six weeks developed autoimmune hepatitis. A chronic disease, this condition is treated with corticosteroids and immune system suppressors. It may cause… read on > read on >

A mind-reading device seems like science fiction, but researchers say they’re firmly on the path to building one. Using functional MRI (fMRI), a newly developed brain-computer interface can read a person’s thoughts and translate them into full sentences, according to a report published May 1 in Nature Neuroscience. The decoder was developed to read a person’s brain activity and translate what they want to say into continuous, natural language, the researchers said. “Eventually, we hope that this technology can help people who have lost the ability to speak due to injuries like strokes or diseases like ALS,” said lead study author Jerry Tang, a graduate research assistant at the University of Texas at Austin. But the interface goes even further than that, translating into language whatever thoughts are foremost in a person’s mind. “We also ran our decoder on brain responses while the user imagined telling stories and ran responses while the user watched silent movies,” Tang said. “And we found that the decoder is also able to recover the gist of what the user was imagining or seeing.” Because of this, the decoder is capable of capturing the essence of what a person is thinking, if not always the exact words, the researchers said. For example, at one point a participant heard the words, “I don’t have my driver’s license yet.” The decoder translated… read on > read on >

Scientists report that brain scans of long COVID patients show abnormal activity in areas related to memory. The scan results validate the concerns of these patients, who feel like they’re experiencing fatigue, trouble concentrating and memory issues, even though their scores on thinking tests don’t show it. “We were able to show that even though they were able to do the task — they did everything correctly — the brain was functioning in a way that shows that it’s compensating,” said lead researcher Dr. Linda Chang, a neurologist at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. “The brain actually is using different parts of the brain to do the work. That means the normal brain network is not functioning as well.” Chang and her research team studied this in 29 people who had been infected with COVID about seven months earlier, nine of them hospitalized for their illness. Each patient had at least one ongoing neuropsychiatric symptom. The study group was matched with a control group of 21 people with no known history of COVID infection. In addition to the functional MRI scans, each participant performed tests to evaluate thinking and memory skills, emotional health, movement, pain, fatigue, depression and anxiety. “It takes them so much more effort to do it. We are showing that the brain has to work harder in order to perform… read on > read on >

Getting bariatric surgery may help someone lose weight and reduce their risk for obesity-related cancers by more than half. New research to be presented at a conference of the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) found that patients who had sleeve gastrectomy, gastric bypass or gastric band procedures developed less obesity-related cancer over a 10-year follow-up period. About 4% developed these cancers compared to 8.9% who didn’t have the surgeries, the study found. The findings will be presented at an AGA meeting in Chicago and online May 6-9. “The primary benefit people consider when they think about bariatric surgery is weight loss and the accompanying physical and psychological benefits, such as improved blood pressure and diabetes,” said lead author Dr. Vibhu Chittajallu, a gastroenterology fellow at Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals in Cleveland. “This study adds to the building evidence that the significant weight loss associated with bariatric surgery may have a protective effect against cancer formation as well,” he said in a meeting news release. For their study, researchers compared more than 55,700 patients with obesity who had these surgeries with the same number of similar patients who did not have surgery. They adjusted for risk factors that play a role in cancer formation, including smoking history, alcohol use, heart disease, hormone therapies and other health issues. In all, more than 2,200 of the… read on > read on >

Fewer U.S. adults are smoking cigarettes, as rates dropped again last year, according to federal health officials. In all, 1 in 9 American adults smoked cigarettes last year, an all-time low, and a significant change from the 1960s when 42% smoked. The results weren’t all positive, the Associated Press reported, as vaping rose to about 1 in 17 adults. For 2022, use of electronic cigarettes was about 6% compared to 4.5% the year before. These preliminary findings are from a survey of more than 27,000 adults by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The findings are sometimes revised after further analysis. “I think that smoking will continue to ebb downwards, but whether the prevalence of nicotine addiction will drop, given the rise of electronic products, is not clear,” Dr. Jonathan Samet, dean of the Colorado School of Public Health in Aurora, told the AP. For nearly 40 years, Samet has been a contributing author to the U.S. Surgeon General’s reports on smoking and health. The preliminary findings for 2022 pegged the percentage of adult smokers in the United States at 11%, down from about 12.5% the year before, the AP reported. While more adults smoke cigarettes than vape, the opposite is true for minors. About 14% of high schoolers used e-cigarettes last year, compared to about 2% who smoked traditional cigarettes, according to… read on > read on >

As more Americans try to get their hands on the prescription medication Wegovy while they try to shed significant amounts of weight, an even more powerful obesity drug is poised to enter the fray. On Thursday, drug maker Eli Lilly & Co. announced that its type 2 diabetes drug tirzepatide (Mounjaro) helped people with diabetes who were overweight or obese lose nearly 16% of their body weight, or more than 34 pounds, over 17 months. This late-stage study of the drug adds to earlier evidence published last summer in the New England Journal of Medicine that showed overweight or obese people without diabetes lost up to 22% of their body weight over that period with weekly injections of the drug. For a typical patient on the highest dose, that meant shedding more than 50 pounds. Results from both studies will now be part of the company’s application to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for fast-track approval of the drug for weight loss. “We have not hit 15% in any other phase 3 trial for weight management in this type 2 diabetes population,” Dr. Nadia Ahmad, an associate vice president at Eli Lilly and medical director of obesity clinical development for the company, told CNN. Importantly, this data has not yet been peer-reviewed or published in a medical journal. “In the last year, [it] has… read on > read on >

A significant number of patients take far longer to recover from a concussion than expected, and they may not be getting the care they need, according to a new study. Researchers from the United Kingdom who studied concussion patients found that almost half had changes in how regions of the brain communicate with each other. This may cause long-term symptoms, including fatigue, and impaired thinking and memory. Mild traumatic brain injury can happen in a fall, a sports incident, or from a cycling accident or car crash. Although called “mild,” it is commonly linked with persistent symptoms including depression, cognitive impairment, headaches and fatigue, as well as incomplete recovery. The researchers said only about half of people who suffer a concussion are fully recovered within six months, far less than the 90% some other recent studies have predicted. A CT scan or an MRI scan looks for signs of structural damage, such as inflammation or bruising after a concussion. In this study, researchers used an fMRI, or functional MRI, which looked at how different areas of the brain coordinate with each other. “Worldwide, we’re seeing an increase in the number of cases of mild traumatic brain injury, particularly from falls in our aging population and rising numbers of road traffic collisions in low- and middle-income countries,” said study co-author Emmanuel Stamatakis, leader of the Cognition… read on > read on >

(HealthDay News) – The U.S. Food and Drug Administration on Tuesday approved a new drug for people who have a rare, inherited type of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease. The medication, toferson (Qalsody), targets a mutation in the SOD1-ALS gene. ALS attacks and kills nerve cells that control voluntary muscles. With ALS, patients lose nerve cells that affect chewing, walking, breathing and talking. The muscles weaken, and that leads to paralysis. The newly approved medication is made by the company Biogen, which is based in Cambridge, Mass. The FDA approved the drug based on evidence of a reduction in plasma neurofilament light, a blood-based biomarker of nerve injury and neurodegeneration. It did not show that the drug slowed the disease, the Associated Press reported. Still, “the findings are reasonably likely to predict a clinical benefit in patients,” the FDA said in a statement. “Since SOD1 mutations were first identified as a cause of ALS 30 years ago, the familial ALS community has been searching for genetically targeted treatments,” Jean Swidler, chair of Genetic ALS & FTD: End the Legacy, said in a Biogen news release. “Qalsody offers families who have lost generation after generation in the prime of their life to this devastating disease a therapy targeting the underlying cause of SOD1-ALS. Today marks an important moment in ALS research… read on > read on >