All Sauce from Weekly Gravy:

A ban on menthol cigarettes would likely lead to a meaningful reduction in smoking rates, a new review argues. Almost a quarter of menthol smokers quit smoking altogether after menthol cigarettes were banned in their country or community, researchers report Feb. 21 in the journal Nicotine & Tobacco Research. “This review provides compelling evidence for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s proposed ban on menthol cigarettes,” said lead researcher Sarah Mills, an assistant professor of health behavior at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill. In December, the White House in December announced that it would postpone until March a ban on menthol cigarettes that has been in the works for years. “Our review of the evidence suggests this delay is causing harm to the health of the public, especially among Black communities,” Mills said in a journal news release.  Menthol cigarettes have been targeted by public health officials because studies show the cooling effects of menthol masks the harshness of tobacco, making it easier for young people to start smoking. For this study, researchers conducted an evidence review, pooling data from studies that have examined the effects of menthol cigarette bans. More than 170 U.S. cities, two U.S. states, the European Union and several other countries have already banned the sale of menthol cigarettes, researchers said. About 50% of menthol smokers switched to non-menthol cigarettes…  read on >  read on >

A person’s diet can influence their risk of obstructive sleep apnea, a new study says. Those who eat a healthy plant-based diet rich in vegetables, fruit, whole grains and nuts are less likely to suffer sleep apnea, according to findings published Feb. 20 in the journal ERJ Open Research. On the other hand, people who eat more meat or indulge in unhealthy vegetarian diets high in sugar, carbs and salt are more at risk for sleep apnea. “These results highlight the importance of the quality of our diet in managing the risk of OSA [obstructive sleep apnea],” said lead researcher Yohannes Melaku, from Flinders University in Adelaide, Australia. People with sleep apnea often snore loudly and their breathing starts and stops during the night, causing regular brief wakefulness, researchers explained in background notes. Sleep apnea can increase a person’s risk of high blood pressure, stroke, heart disease and type 2 diabetes, researchers said. For this study, the team analyzed responses from more than 14,000 participants in a regular U.S. survey on health and nutrition. This is the first large-scale analysis investigating the link between diet and sleep apnea, Melaku said. “There’s a gap in our knowledge of how overall dietary patterns affect OSA risk,” Melaku said in a journal news release. “With this study, we wanted to address that gap and explore the association between…  read on >  read on >

A popular asthma inhaler was discontinued on Jan. 1, and the business move has left families scrambling to find a replacement for their kids. Flovent was one of the most commonly prescribed drugs for childhood asthma, but maker GSK took it off shelves to replace it with a generic version, fluticasone. The problem is that many insurance companies haven’t added fluticasone to their list of covered medications, CNN reported. Parents and doctors are now being required to fill out paperwork to get fluticasone, even though it’s the same drug kids have been using for years. In some cases, insurers are requiring patients to show they’ve tried other asthma drugs already on their approved list — and that those drugs haven’t worked — before approving fluticasone, CNN reported. “The discontinuation of Flovent has been an unmitigated disaster,” Dr. Christopher Oermann, a pediatric pulmonologist and director of the Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary at Children’s Mercy Kansas City, told CNN. Flovent contains a corticosteroid that reduces airway inflammation. Patients use the inhaler twice a day. The family of Bryce Cohen, a 4-year-old asthma patient in New York City, relied on Flovent to keep him out of the hospital during asthma flares. But his family hasn’t been able to get fluticasone over the past month. “This is a really big issue, and it’s scary to think that…  read on >  read on >

Postmenopausal or peri-menopausal women are often hampered by vaginal dryness, which can put the brakes on a healthy sex life. It doesn’t have to stay that way, experts advised. Numerous products are available to help maintain vaginal lubrication. “After and around the time of menopause, your body makes less estrogen,” Dr. Cynthia Abraham explained in a column from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. “Estrogen is a hormone that helps maintain the vagina’s lubrication, elasticity and thickness,” said Abraham, an ob/gyn at Mount Sinai in New York City. “Low levels of estrogen can cause thinning, drying and inflammation of vaginal walls. This is called vaginal atrophy.” Dryness can also affect the external tissues of the vulva, Abraham noted. “Women with vulvar dryness often notice irritation when they’re putting on their underwear,” she said. According to Abraham, it’s also common for women to develop the condition in the years that precede menopause. “Often, my patients notice symptoms when they haven’t been sexually active for a long time,” Abraham said. “Then they are intimate with a partner and find that sex is painful.”  What to do Luckily, there are numerous products to choose from to help lubricate the vagina. According to Abraham and the Mayo Clinic’s Dr. Shannon Laughlin-Tommaso, these include: Vaginal mosturizers. These include (among others) brands such as K-Y Liquibeads and Replens, Laughlin-Tommaso said…  read on >  read on >

Nearly $6 billion in funding will soon be spread through every U.S. state and territory as part of a massive, ongoing effort to clean up the nation’s water supply, the Biden Administration announced Tuesday. EPA Adminstrator Michael Regan and Vice President Kamala Harris will travel to Pittsburgh on Tuesday to announce the latest infusion of funding, the White House said in a news release. Projects underway in that city — including efforts to remove lead water pipes — are among several across the country that are being funded through bipartisan legislation passed in 2021 that devoted $50 billion to improving the nation’s water supply. “With $50 billion in total, the largest investment in water infrastructure in our nation’s history, EPA will enable communities across the nation to ensure safer drinking water for their residents and rebuild vital clean water infrastructure to protect public health for decades to come,” Regan said in an agency news release. Instead of choosing which projects to fund, the federal government will deliver the money to states, territories and tribes through the Clean Water and Drinking Water State Revolving Fund programs, the EPA said. Many of the country’s water infrastructure problems stem from a general lack of investment, according to the EPA. Local governments typically can’t afford to update water systems on their own. Even when changes are made, that can still prompt crises…  read on >  read on >

Niacin is an essential B vitamin, but new research reveals that too much of it may harm your heart. Found in many foods that millions of Americans eat, excessive amounts of niacin can trigger inflammation and damage blood vessels, scientists report in the Feb. 19 issue of the journal Nature Medicine. “The average person should avoid niacin supplements now that we have reason to believe that taking too much niacin can potentially lead to an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease,” senior study author Dr. Stanley Hazen, chair of cardiovascular and metabolic sciences at the Cleveland Clinic’s Lerner Research Institute, told NBC News. The recommended daily allowance of niacin for men is 16 milligrams per day, while it is 14 milligrams a day for women who are not pregnant, according to the Mayo Clinic. Ever since the 1940s, when grains and cereals began to be fortified with niacin, Americans have gotten plenty of the vitamin in their diet. The move to fortify those foods was prompted by evidence suggesting that very low levels of niacin could trigger the development of a potentially fatal condition called pellagra, said Hazen, who is also co-section head of preventive cardiology at the Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute. Ironically, niacin supplements were once prescribed by doctors to improve cholesterol levels. Dr. Amanda Doran, an assistant professor of medicine in the division of cardiovascular medicine…  read on >  read on >

Being an angry hard-charger won’t win you any points in the workplace, new research has found. Prior evidence had suggested that workers who express anger are judged to be competent and hold a higher status, the researchers noted. But the new studies refute those earlier findings, according to researchers from Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Princeton University. “We found that anger isn’t a catalyst for higher status in the workplace,” said researcher Roni Porat, a senior lecturer of political science and international relations at the Hebrew University. “Moreover, we found that anger is regarded more poorly than other emotional expressions like sadness,” Porat said in a university news release. “The only instance in which anger is considered as positive is when it is expressed in response to another person’s clear wrongdoing. These findings hold for both men and women expressing anger in the workplace.” Data from the study show that people assume that individuals expressing anger have higher status, researchers said. However, they do not reward anger with more status because they find that anger to be inappropriate, cold, an overreaction and counter-productive, results show. Researchers also found that people hold many negative attitudes toward expressions of anger in the workplace. Such expressions were cited as more harmful, foolish and worthless than other emotional reactions. Across four studies, researchers experimentally manipulated people’s expression of emotion…  read on >  read on >

Folks can lose weight even if they pack all their weekly exercise into one or two days, a new study finds. Guidelines recommend that people get at least 150 minutes a week of moderate physical activity or 75 minutes a week of vigorous exercise. “Weekend warriors” who condense all that exercise into one or two days each week can lose about the same amount of weight as people who perform shorter sessions across more days, researchers report Feb. 20 in the journal Obesity. That’s good news for people who find it hard to fit physical activity into their daily lives, researchers said. “The weekend warrior pattern is worth promoting in individuals who cannot meet the recommended frequency in current guidelines,” said study author Lihua Zhang, a health care researcher at Fuwai Hospital’s National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases in Beijing. Zhang noted that office employees, bus drivers and other workers who have to sit for most of the workday could benefit from such an approach to exercise. “Those people are struggling to catch up in their exercise plan in daily life to offset the hazard of a sedentary lifestyle but have less free time to get to the gym,” Zhang said in a journal news release. “Our study could offer them an alternative choice to keep fit.” For the study, researchers analyzed data on more than…  read on >  read on >

People treated at psychiatric hospitals are at highest risk of committing suicide immediately after their discharge if they suffer from depression, a new study reports. Patients hospitalized for depression are hundreds of times more likely to commit suicide within the first three days of discharge, compared to the suicide rate of the general population, results show. “Although we found a decreasing trend over time, the high-risk post-discharge period still requires intensified attention,” wrote the authors, who were led by Dr. Kari Aaltonen of the University of Helsinki in Finland. “Continuity of care and access to enhanced psychiatric outpatient care within days of discharge should be imperative.” More than half of all people who die by suicide are depressed, and about 40% had been recently hospitalized for psychiatric reasons, researchers said in an American Psychiatric Association news release. For the study, researchers analyzed health data on more than 91,000 Finnish people hospitalized for depression between 1996 and 2017. Each person was tracked for up to two years following their discharge. A total of 1,219 men and 757 women died by suicide during the study period, results show. Researchers found that within the first three days of discharge, the suicide rate was 6,063 per 100,000 person-years. Person-years take into account both the number of people in a study and the amount of time each person spends in…  read on >  read on >

Anorexia isn’t solely a disease that strikes women and girls, Canadian experts say, so they want to raise awareness that the illness can also be serious for boys and men. “Early identification and prompt treatment are essential,” wrote a team led by Dr. Basil Kadoura. He’s a specialist in adolescent health at British Columbia Children’s Hospital and University of British Columbia, in Vancouver. They published their article Feb. 20 in the Canadian Medical Association Journal. About 0.3% of males will receive a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa, with some types of boys and men at higher risk. These include gay, bisexual, trans, and queer people, Kadoura’s group said, as well as guys “involved in body- and strength-focused sports like cycling, running and wrestling.” Because of the ignorance and stigma surrounding eating disorders in men, too many who have anorexia are diagnosed very late, the experts added. There are questions that might point to anorexia in males: “Screening for muscle-enhancing goals and behaviors is important to assess for anorexia nervosa,” the team said in a journal news release. Other warning signs include diet changes, vomiting, over-exercising and supplement and anabolic steroid use. If anorexia progresses without diagnosis and treatment, the effects can be serious. They include unstable vital signs, slower than normal heart rate, electrolyte abnormalities and other conditions, the Canadian group said. For adolescents of either…  read on >  read on >