Women who deliver low-birth-weight babies could be more likely to have memory and thinking problems later in life, a new study warns. As seniors, these women had brain test scores that indicated one to two years of additional aging in their memory and thinking skills, compared with women who delivered normal-weight babies, according to results published June 12 in the journal Neurology. And the more low-birth-weight babies a woman had, the lower her test scores were, results show. “Previous research has shown that people who have had a low-birth-weight delivery have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and high blood pressure,” said researcher Diana Soria-Contreras, a postdoctoral research fellow with the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health in Boston. “Our study found that a history of having a child with a low birth weight may also be a marker of poorer cognition later in life,” Soria-Contreras added in a journal news release. The study involved more than 15,000 women with an average age of 62. About 8% had delivered a baby with low birth weight, defined as less than 5.5 pounds for pregnancies lasting more than 20 weeks. The women completed a series of thinking and memory tests, and also filled out a questionnaire about their pregnancy history. On average, women who had babies with low birth weigh scored lower in tests of thinking…  read on >  read on >

Bipolar disorder doesn’t have to be a lifelong challenge, a new study says. Nearly 1 in 4 people with bipolar disorder wind up achieving complete mental health, researchers found. Further, more than 2 in 5 become free from bipolar symptoms over time, results show. “Most research on individuals with bipolar disorder has failed to focus on recovery and optimal functioning,” said senior researcher Esme Fuller-Thomson, a professor at the University of Toronto’s Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work. “We hope that those with the disorder and their loved ones and health professionals will be heartened to learn that that one-quarter of the respondents who previously had bipolar disorder were now thriving and happy or satisfied with their life almost every day,” Fuller-Thomson added in a university news release. For the study, researchers compared 555 Canadians who’d been diagnosed with bipolar disorder with more than 20,500 people without the mental illness, which involves wild swings between manic and depressive episodes. To be considered in complete mental health, people had to be free from any mental illness during the past year, including bipolar disorder, depression and substance use disorders. They also had to report almost daily happiness or life satisfaction. About 24% of people once diagnosed with bipolar disorder had achieved such a state of complete mental health, researchers found. Also, 43% were free from all bipolar symptoms, results…  read on >  read on >

After helping America through one of its worst tragedies, some responders to the events of 9/11 may now face another foe: Heightened risks for dementia. A new study looks at the health of thousands of firemen, construction workers and others who worked at the World Trade Center (WTC) site for almost a year after the attacks. Many were exposed to high levels of toxic dust. The study found that the worst-exposed workers face a much higher odds for dementia before the age of 65, compared to folks who worked onsite but either weren’t exposed to dust and/or wore effective personal protective equipment (PPE). “This study builds on prior work suggesting that dust and debris from the WTC collapse contained neurotoxins,” said a team led by epidemiologist researcher Sean Clouston, of Stony Brook University in Stony Brook, N.Y. “These results imply that these exposures were dangerous and support the view that the use of PPE might have prevented the onset of dementia before age 65 years among exposed responders,” Clouston and colleagues wrote. He is a professor of family, population and preventive medicine at Stony Brook. The new findings were published June 12 in the journal JAMA Network Open. As the researchers noted, during the days and months of rescue and cleanup at the WTC site, “workers reported heavy exposure to dust and particulate matter that…  read on >  read on >

Dads appear to make a small but important contribution to a newborn baby’s gut health, a new study discovers. Many microbes found in babies throughout their first year of life originate in the father rather than the mother, researchers report June 12 in the journal Cell Host & Microbe. Most importantly, these include Bifidobacterium longum strains – a bacteria that aids in the digestion of a mother’s milk. “The role of the father may be small, but it is not to be neglected,” said lead researcher Willem de Vos, a professor of microbiology with Wageningen University in The Netherlands. “It is likely that the same holds for others who have close contact with the newborn.” Babies are born without any microbes in their GI tract, researchers explained. They receive these important and beneficial microbes during and shortly after birth. It’s well-known that babies receive a substantial amount of microbes from their mothers during vaginal delivery. In fact, about half of the bacterial strains found in a baby’s gut can be traced to their moms. That led researchers to consider how other people who have close contact with an infant could contribute to the other half of their gut microbiome, providing a stable source of healthy microbial strains necessary for good health. “This highlights the importance of studying other microbial contributions as well, such as those…  read on >  read on >

Growing public fascination with “magic” psilocybin mushrooms as a trendy treatment for depression had led to increased interest in another type of psychedelic mushroom, a new study reports. Unfortunately, this second sort of shroom — known as Amanita muscaria — can be more toxic than fentanyl, cocaine and PCP, researchers say. Marketing the two types of mushrooms as essentially the same is not only wrong, but potentially dangerous, said senior researcher Eric Leas, an assistant professor in the University of California, San Diego’s Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science. “Companies who are making these products are pushing the limits of our regulations. They are getting away with making a buck until someone tells them they can’t,” Leas said in a university news release. “Given the substantial risks associated with using Amanita muscaria products, it is a buyer-beware marketplace where consumers are at risk and are not accurately informed,” Leas added. “The time for a public health first response is now.” Google searches for Amanita muscaria mushrooms skyrocketed 114% between 2022 and 2023, researchers reported June 10 in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Gummies and chocolates containing compounds derived from Amanita muscaria mushrooms — muscimol and ibotenic acid — are being marketed as aids to reduce anxiety, depression and other conditions, researchers say.  Amanita muscaria mushrooms have psychedelic effects similar to…  read on >  read on >

Depression and memory declines may be closely linked in older people, new research suggests. “Our study shows that the relationship between depression and poor memory cuts both ways, with depressive symptoms preceding memory decline and memory decline linked to subsequent depressive symptoms,” said senior study author Dr. Dorina Cadar, of University College London. The study suggests that effective depression treatment could help preserve memory function with age, she added in a university news release. The new findings come from an analysis of data from the ongoing English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, where people are tracked by questionnaires every two years. In this sample, 16 years of data were collected from nearly 8,300 adults averaging 64 years of age. In contrast to the finding that memory and depression were closely intertwined, the research did not show a strong relationship between depression and another marker of brain health, verbal fluency. Cadar, who is a research fellow in dementia at UCL, said it’s not surprising that battles with depression could affect memory over time. “Depression can cause changes in brain structures, such as the hippocampus, which is critical for memory formation and retrieval,” she explained. “Chronic stress and high levels of [the stress hormone] cortisol associated with depression can damage neurons in these areas.” The researchers also believe that depression upsets the balance of serotonin and dopamine in…  read on >  read on >

Winston Churchill once said, “Success consists of going from failure to failure without loss of enthusiasm.” It’s one of countless platitudes claiming that failure leads to success. But there’s strong evidence that such a notion is wrongheaded and can lead to terrible real-world consequences, researchers said in a new report. In fact, many people do not learn from their failures, and it’s folly to expect otherwise, according to findings published June 10 in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. “People often confuse what is with what ought to be,” lead researcher Lauren Eskreis-Winkler, an assistant professor of management and organizations at Northwestern University, said in a news release. “People ought to pay attention and learn from failure, but often they don’t because failure is demotivating and ego-threatening.” A series of 11 experiments involving more than 1,800 participants found that people often don’t gain wisdom from failure, and that expecting them to do so can have potentially terrible consequences: People vastly overestimated the percentage of prospective nurses, lawyers and teachers who pass licensing exams after previously failing them. Nurses tended to overestimate how much colleagues would learn from a past error. People assumed that heart patients would embrace a healthier lifestyle, when many don’t. “People expect success to follow failure much more often than it actually does,” Eskreis-Winkler said. “People usually assume that past behavior predicts…  read on >  read on >

Lung cancer patients who underwent screening were more apt to be diagnosed at earlier stages and have better outcomes than patients who were not screened, new research shows. The findings — from a study of close to 58,000 patients diagnosed through the U.S. Veterans Health Administration — underscore the importance of early detection through screening.  Lung cancer is the No. 1 cancer killer worldwide. Current recommendations urge annual screening for 50- to 80-year-olds with a history of smoking a pack a day or more for the last 20 years or two packs a day for the last 10. Clinical trials have shown screening with computed tomography (CT) scans to be beneficial, but real-world data have been scarce. This study of U.S. veterans gauged the impact of screening prior to a lung cancer diagnosis. Researchers found that patients who were screened had higher rates of early stage cancer diagnoses than those who were not screened — 52% versus 27%.  Over five years, they also had lower rates of premature death from any cause (49.8% versus 72.1%) as well as death from cancer (41% versus 70.3%). “It is incredible to witness how dedicated national efforts to increase lung cancer screening from the Lung Precision Oncology Program can lead to substantial improvements in lung cancer outcomes,” said co-author Dr. Michael Green of the University of Michigan and the…  read on >  read on >