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The United States has far fewer flu cases than normal, and experts say it’s probably due to measures people are taking to protect themselves from COVID-19. Flu season usually peaks between December and February. Influenza typically causes about 45 million illnesses, 810,000 hospitalizations and 61,000 deaths in the United States each year, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. But so far this flu season, there have been just 925 reported cases of the flu nationwide. “Though caused by a different virus from the one that causes COVID-19, the flu is also a respiratory viral disease, so everything we are doing to slow transmission of COVID-19, such as wearing face masks, frequent hand-washing and physical distancing, should also reduce transmission of flu,” Eili Klein said in a Johns Hopkins news release. He is an associate professor of emergency medicine at university’s School of Medicine. Other factors likely contributing to fewer flu cases include more people getting a flu shot; many schools and businesses meeting virtually instead of in-person; and fewer people traveling. “We commonly see flu spread in communities, schools, businesses and through travel each year, so these changes are likely keeping the flu away,” said Dr. Lisa Maragakis, senior director of infection prevention for the Johns Hopkins Health System. But a less severe flu season this year could increase severity next…  read on >  read on >

What makes a marathoner great? New research pinpoints the physical attributes of top marathon runners, and could help others improve their marathon performance. Elite male distance runners were asked to run on treadmills at a range of speeds and also on an outdoor track at a speed of 13.1 miles per hour, comparable to completing a marathon in two hours. While the marathoners ran, researchers measured their heart rate, oxygen consumption and levels of lactic acid in the blood, to determine efficiency of oxygen use during exercise. The study also assessed the marathoners’ running force, stride length and body composition. Only seven of the 16 participants achieved a VO2 steady state (stable oxygen consumption) when running at the two-hour marathon pace. That highlights how extremely difficult it is to complete a marathon in under two hours, the researchers said. Overall, the athletes maintained a VO2 of 67 milliliters per kilogram of body weight per minute (ml/kg/min) at just over 13 mph, about twice as much as the average person can achieve when exercising at their maximum. Also, the marathoners’ lactic acid threshold — the speed at which it builds up in the body — occurred at a very high fraction of their VO2 max. Lactic acid is produced by the body as it turns food into energy during exercise; in the muscles it’s related to…  read on >  read on >

After SARS-CoV-2 exposure, a 14-day quarantine is standard among university athletes. But shorter quarantines for these athletes, along with mid-quarantine testing, may improve their compliance without increasing the risk that they’ll infect others, a new study suggests. Researchers analyzed data from 620 U.S. college athletes who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 while in quarantine after exposure to the virus. Nearly half (49%) tested positive by the second day of quarantine, and 73% did by day 5. The rate of positive tests declined over the quarantine period. Among athletes who were still negative at day 5 of quarantine, the estimated probability of having a positive test result was 26.9% after day 5; 14.2% after day 7; and 4.7% after day 10. According to the authors, the probability of receiving positive test results after day 10 of quarantine is low. Of 29 athletes who tested positive between days 11 and 14, 89.7% had not been tested previously during their quarantine, according to the findings. More athletes reported exposure to COVID-19 at social gatherings (40.7%) and from roommates (31.7%) than from athletic activities (12.7%), the study found. It was published Jan. 8 in the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. The findings support shortened quarantine options for college athletes, given the low proportion who tested positive after 10 days, according to study author…  read on >  read on >

The United States has far fewer flu cases than normal, and experts say it’s probably due to measures people are taking to protect themselves from COVID-19. Flu season usually peaks between December and February. Influenza typically causes about 45 million illnesses, 810,000 hospitalizations and 61,000 deaths in the United States each year, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. But so far this flu season, there have been just 925 reported cases of the flu nationwide. “Though caused by a different virus from the one that causes COVID-19, the flu is also a respiratory viral disease, so everything we are doing to slow transmission of COVID-19, such as wearing face masks, frequent hand-washing and physical distancing, should also reduce transmission of flu,” Eili Klein said in a Johns Hopkins news release. He is an associate professor of emergency medicine at university’s School of Medicine. Other factors likely contributing to fewer flu cases include more people getting a flu shot; many schools and businesses meeting virtually instead of in-person; and fewer people traveling. “We commonly see flu spread in communities, schools, businesses and through travel each year, so these changes are likely keeping the flu away,” said Dr. Lisa Maragakis, senior director of infection prevention for the Johns Hopkins Health System. But a less severe flu season this year could increase severity next…  read on >  read on >

What makes a marathoner great? New research pinpoints the physical attributes of top marathon runners, and could help others improve their marathon performance. Elite male distance runners were asked to run on treadmills at a range of speeds and also on an outdoor track at a speed of 13.1 miles per hour, comparable to completing a marathon in two hours. While the marathoners ran, researchers measured their heart rate, oxygen consumption and levels of lactic acid in the blood, to determine efficiency of oxygen use during exercise. The study also assessed the marathoners’ running force, stride length and body composition. Only seven of the 16 participants achieved a VO2 steady state (stable oxygen consumption) when running at the two-hour marathon pace. That highlights how extremely difficult it is to complete a marathon in under two hours, the researchers said. Overall, the athletes maintained a VO2 of 67 milliliters per kilogram of body weight per minute (ml/kg/min) at just over 13 mph, about twice as much as the average person can achieve when exercising at their maximum. Also, the marathoners’ lactic acid threshold — the speed at which it builds up in the body — occurred at a very high fraction of their VO2 max. Lactic acid is produced by the body as it turns food into energy during exercise; in the muscles it’s related to…  read on >  read on >

After SARS-CoV-2 exposure, a 14-day quarantine is standard among university athletes. But shorter quarantines for these athletes, along with mid-quarantine testing, may improve their compliance without increasing the risk that they’ll infect others, a new study suggests. Researchers analyzed data from 620 U.S. college athletes who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 while in quarantine after exposure to the virus. Nearly half (49%) tested positive by the second day of quarantine, and 73% did by day 5. The rate of positive tests declined over the quarantine period. Among athletes who were still negative at day 5 of quarantine, the estimated probability of having a positive test result was 26.9% after day 5; 14.2% after day 7; and 4.7% after day 10. According to the authors, the probability of receiving positive test results after day 10 of quarantine is low. Of 29 athletes who tested positive between days 11 and 14, 89.7% had not been tested previously during their quarantine, according to the findings. More athletes reported exposure to COVID-19 at social gatherings (40.7%) and from roommates (31.7%) than from athletic activities (12.7%), the study found. It was published Jan. 8 in the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. The findings support shortened quarantine options for college athletes, given the low proportion who tested positive after 10 days, according to study author…  read on >  read on >

The United States has far fewer flu cases than normal, and experts say it’s probably due to measures people are taking to protect themselves from COVID-19. Flu season usually peaks between December and February. Influenza typically causes about 45 million illnesses, 810,000 hospitalizations and 61,000 deaths in the United States each year, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. But so far this flu season, there have been just 925 reported cases of the flu nationwide. “Though caused by a different virus from the one that causes COVID-19, the flu is also a respiratory viral disease, so everything we are doing to slow transmission of COVID-19, such as wearing face masks, frequent hand-washing and physical distancing, should also reduce transmission of flu,” Eili Klein said in a Johns Hopkins news release. He is an associate professor of emergency medicine at university’s School of Medicine. Other factors likely contributing to fewer flu cases include more people getting a flu shot; many schools and businesses meeting virtually instead of in-person; and fewer people traveling. “We commonly see flu spread in communities, schools, businesses and through travel each year, so these changes are likely keeping the flu away,” said Dr. Lisa Maragakis, senior director of infection prevention for the Johns Hopkins Health System. But a less severe flu season this year could increase severity next…  read on >  read on >

Now that federal guidelines have expanded COVID-19 vaccine eligibility to include people over 65 and those of all ages with underlying health conditions, drug stores say they are ready, willing and able to start giving the shots. There’s just one slight glitch: supply. But with two vaccines already available and others moving toward emergency use authorization, experts say supply will likely soon catch up with demand. As of Jan. 14, the Federal Retail Pharmacy Partnership Program has tapped two pharmacy chains per state to offer free COVID-19 vaccines. Pharmacies will be notified if they can take part in this initial rollout. Spearheaded by Operation Warp Speed, the government’s vaccine development program, this plan will ultimately allow more than 40,000 pharmacies across the nation to inject 100 million vaccines in a month’s time. Already signed on as partners are CVS, Walgreens, Duane Reade, Costco, Walmart, Rite Aid, Publix and more. Fully 250 million people in the United States are now eligible for COVID-19 vaccines, and pharmacies can help speed the slower-than-expected vaccine distribution process, said Kathleen Jaeger, senior vice president of pharmacy care and patient advocacy at the National Association of Chain Drug Stores (NACDS), an Alexandria, Virginia-based trade group representing chain pharmacies. “With 40,000 drug stores and one vaccinator per store, it would be very easy to deliver 100 million vaccine doses in one month,”…  read on >  read on >

After SARS-CoV-2 exposure, a 14-day quarantine is standard among university athletes. But shorter quarantines for these athletes, along with mid-quarantine testing, may improve their compliance without increasing the risk that they’ll infect others, a new study suggests. Researchers analyzed data from 620 U.S. college athletes who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 while in quarantine after exposure to the virus. Nearly half (49%) tested positive by the second day of quarantine, and 73% did by day 5. The rate of positive tests declined over the quarantine period. Among athletes who were still negative at day 5 of quarantine, the estimated probability of having a positive test result was 26.9% after day 5; 14.2% after day 7; and 4.7% after day 10. According to the authors, the probability of receiving positive test results after day 10 of quarantine is low. Of 29 athletes who tested positive between days 11 and 14, 89.7% had not been tested previously during their quarantine, according to the findings. More athletes reported exposure to COVID-19 at social gatherings (40.7%) and from roommates (31.7%) than from athletic activities (12.7%), the study found. It was published Jan. 8 in the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. The findings support shortened quarantine options for college athletes, given the low proportion who tested positive after 10 days, according to study author…  read on >  read on >

The United States has far fewer flu cases than normal, and experts say it’s probably due to measures people are taking to protect themselves from COVID-19. Flu season usually peaks between December and February. Influenza typically causes about 45 million illnesses, 810,000 hospitalizations and 61,000 deaths in the United States each year, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. But so far this flu season, there have been just 925 reported cases of the flu nationwide. “Though caused by a different virus from the one that causes COVID-19, the flu is also a respiratory viral disease, so everything we are doing to slow transmission of COVID-19, such as wearing face masks, frequent hand-washing and physical distancing, should also reduce transmission of flu,” Eili Klein said in a Johns Hopkins news release. He is an associate professor of emergency medicine at university’s School of Medicine. Other factors likely contributing to fewer flu cases include more people getting a flu shot; many schools and businesses meeting virtually instead of in-person; and fewer people traveling. “We commonly see flu spread in communities, schools, businesses and through travel each year, so these changes are likely keeping the flu away,” said Dr. Lisa Maragakis, senior director of infection prevention for the Johns Hopkins Health System. But a less severe flu season this year could increase severity next…  read on >  read on >