Results from a very small study suggest that a combination of the diabetes drug Ozempic and an innovative new intestinal procedure could help erase the need for insulin in folks with type 2 diabetes. The new trial hasn’t yet been published in a peer-reviewed journal and it included only 14 patients. However, Dutch researchers report that after six months of the combo therapy, 12 of the 14 participants with type 2 diabetes no longer needed supplemental insulin. The findings were presented Sunday at the United European Gastroenterology annual meeting in Vienna. The intestinal procedure used in the new trial was pioneered by researchers at the Mayo Clinic in the United States. It’s called Endoscopic re-cellularization via electroporation therapy (ReCET). The procedure focuses on the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine. The duodenum is responsible for further digestion of food coming from the stomach and nutrient absorption by the body. As explained by the Mayo Clinic’s director of endoscopy, Dr. Andrew Storm, duodenum function goes awry in type 2 diabetes and ReCET seeks to repair the dysfunction. “ReCET is non-thermal procedure that involves delivering [via an endoscope] a pulsed electric field (PEF) to facilitate the re-cellularization of the duodenum with regenerated metabolically active cells,” he explained in a Mayo blog. “The goal of this procedure is to help individuals achieve better control of blood glucose…  read on >  read on >

Bilingual people have more active and flexible brains, a new study has discovered. Brain scans revealed that folks who speak two languages have increased connectivity between their brain regions, researchers reported Oct. 10 in the journal Communications Biology. This connectivity is strongest in people who learned their second language at a young age, researchers noted. “Our work suggests learning a second language during childhood helps build a more efficient brain organization in terms of functional connectivity,” said lead investigator Zeus Gracia Tabuenca, a postdoctoral researcher with McGill University in Toronto. For the study, researchers recruited 151 people who either spoke French, English or both languages. Study participants were given MRI scans that tracked connectivity throughout their brains. Learning a second language appeared to increase the brain’s neuroplasticity — its ability to build new connections within itself. This effect was most powerful when someone had learned their second language at a young age, results showed. “The results indicate that the earlier the second language experience, the broader extent of brain areas involved in neuroplasticity,” Tabuenca said in a McGill news release. “That’s why we are observing higher connectivity of the cerebellum with the cortex in earlier exposures to a second language.”   These results mirror previous studies that show how brain regions work together to understand and produce language, researchers said. Such additional brain connectivity can increase…  read on >  read on >

The Fisher-Price company is recalling more than 2 million of its Snuga infant swings, after the suffocation and deaths of five infants who went to sleep while in the swings. “The swing should never be used for sleep and bedding materials should never be added to it,” according to an alert from the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, which announced the recall.  “If the product is used for sleep or bedding material is added, the headrest and body support insert on the seat pad can increase the risk of suffocation,” the agency explained. The CPSC’s advice to parents who already have one of the Snuga infant swings at home: “Consumers should immediately remove both the headrest (by cutting the tether) and the body support insert from the seat pad before continuing to use the swing for awake-time activities.” A full list of the 21 recalled Fisher-Price infant swing models, with photos, can be found at the CPSC. As the agency explained, five reported deaths of infants between one and three months of age were linked to use of Snuga swings between 2012 and 2022. “In most of those incidents, the infants were unrestrained and bedding materials were added to the product,” the CPSC noted. Besides the danger from the Fisher-Price products under recall, the agency reminded parents and caregivers that they “should never use any…  read on >  read on >

Microscopic magnetic nanodiscs could provide a much less invasive means of providing deep brain stimulation, a new study says. The tiny discs – about 250 nanometers across, or 1/500 the width of a human hair – would be injected directly into specific regions of a person’s brain, researchers say. From there, researchers said, the discs could be activated by applying a magnetic field outside the patient’s body. Tests in lab mice show that the discs “had an impact on neuron activity and on behavior,” researcher Ye Ji Kim, a doctoral student at MIT, said in a news release. Deep brain stimulation uses electrodes implanted in target brain regions to treat conditions like Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, obsessive-compulsive disorder, tremors and Tourette syndrome, the Mayo Clinic says. But placing the implants involves major brain surgery, which opens patients up to a number of harmful complications, researchers noted. These nanodiscs could provide a less invasive alternative to currently used electrodes, researchers said. The nanodiscs contain a magnetic core and an electrically charged outer shell. When exposed to a magnet, the core presses against the outer shell and causes it to deliver electrical pulses to nearby neurons, researchers said. Stimulation can be switched on and off by flipping a switch on an electromagnet, researchers said. The discs successfully stimulated brain regions in mice associated with feelings of reward and…  read on >  read on >

It’s never too late for a person to quit smoking, even if they’re elderly, a new study finds. Dropping the smokes even as late as 75 can meaningfully increase a person’s life expectancy, researchers reported recently in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Seniors age 75 will lose on average more than four years of life if they keep smoking, compared to people who never smoked, researchers found. On the other hand, a 75-year-old smoker who quits has a 14% chance of gaining at least one extra year of life, and a 65-year-old smoker a 23% chance. And about 8% of those who quit at age 75 gain at least four years of life compared to those who keep smoking, researchers found. Quitting smoking is the single best thing anyone at any age can do to increase their life expectancy, researchers concluded. “We have seen a remarkable decline in young adult smoking over the past decade. However, rates among older adults who smoke have remained stagnant and, to our knowledge, no research had established the benefits for them of quitting,” lead researcher Thuy Le, an assistant research scientist with the University of Michigan School of Public Health. “We wanted to show that stopping smoking is beneficial at any age and provide an incentive for older people who smoke to quit,” Le added in a university…  read on >  read on >

THURSDAY, Oct.10, 2024Most boys treated with breakthrough gene therapy for a rare but deadly brain illness are faring well six years later, two new reports find. The 77 boys were treated for cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy (CALD), a formerly incurable and progressive genetic brain disease that typically led to a loss of neurological function and early death. However, most patients treated with “eli-cel” gene therapy six years ago are still showing no declines in brain function and remain free of disability, researchers reported Oct. 9 in two studies published in the New England Journal of Medicine. There was a disturbing finding from one of the two studies, however: Six of 35 patients who received one form of the gene therapy have developed blood cancers that seemed tied to the gene therapy. However, the overall news is positive for children who otherwise faced a death sentence, the researchers said. “Cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy is a devastating brain disease that strikes children in the prime of their childhood and development,” explained Dr. Florian Eichler, director of the Leukodystrophy Clinic in the Department of Neurology at Massachusetts General Hospital and lead author of one of the two studies. “When I initially began treating patients with CALD, 80 percent came into our clinic on death’s door, and now the ratio has flipped.” “We cautiously celebrate that we have been able to stabilize this…  read on >  read on >

When it comes to coverage for the pricey GLP-1 weight-loss drugs Wegovy and Zepbound, only a fifth of large U.S. companies cover the medications in their health insurance plans, a new survey shows. In a report published Wednesday in the journal Health Affairs, researchers also found that a third of companies that do cover the medications say coverage has a “significant impact” on their plans’ prescription drug spending. Obesity can fuel poor health and affects a significant chunk of the U.S. population, and these medications can help, the survey authors wrote. However, concerns linger about the drugs’ high costs and the likelihood that they need to be used indefinitely. “Employers are really trying to thread the needle right now,” study author Matthew Rae, associate director for the program on the health care marketplace at KFF, told NBC News. “They’re trying to figure out what is the right balance between the advantages to employees, potential health benefits and the cost of these drugs. And at this point, all of those things aren’t sorted out.” Dr. Susan Spratt, an endocrinologist and senior medical director for the Population Health Management Office at Duke Health in North Carolina, told NBC News the results were “disheartening.” “People who are rich can afford to pay the $1,000 per month for this medication,” she said. “We are just widening health disparities by making…  read on >  read on >

Widely-used acne creams can become contaminated with a known carcinogen even if kept at room temperature, a new study warns. Creams containing benzoyl peroxide (BPO) can wind up containing high levels of benzene while sitting on a store shelf or in a medicine cabinet, researchers found after testing 111 products from major U.S. retailers. Brands tested containing benzoyl peroxide included products from Clearasil, Clean & Clear, Neutrogena, Proactiv, Up & Up and store brand equivalents. Benzoyl peroxide degrades into the carcinogen benzene over time when stored at room temperature, at elevated temperatures and when exposed to the ultraviolet rays of sunlight, researchers reported Oct. 7 in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology. This is the first time that benzoyl peroxide products have been shown to degrade into benzene at normal temperatures, they noted. “Our research demonstrates that BPO products can generate benzene at typical room and store shelf temperatures, while cold storage significantly reduces this formation,” said researcher Dr. Christopher Bunick, an associate professor of dermatology with the Yale University School of Medicine in New Haven, Conn. The Environmental Protection Agency classifies benzene as a known human carcinogen, noting that it specifically increases the risk of leukemia. Benzoyl peroxide acts as an antibacterial agent, and is found in over-the-counter remedies and prescription creams for acne and rosacea. For the new study, researchers bought dozens of acne…  read on >  read on >